We’ve come a long way from 8-tracks and albums, cassette tapes and reel to reel recording. I’d like for you to make an audio timeline similar to the example below. You can focus on a specific aspect of audio or keep it general, but make sure to go back at least 75 years and go to the present day. For extra credit, think of what the future has in store for audio. For example: MP3’s have been around for nearly 15 years, what will replace the MP3?
Audio Technology 
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January 28, 2010 at 9:51 am
Luis Serrato
1939-Independently, engineers in Germany, Japan and the U.S. discover and develop AC biasing for magnetic recording.
Western Electric designs the first motional feedback, vertical-cut disk recording head.
Major Armstrong, the inventor of FM radio, makes the first experimental FM broadcast.
The first of many attempts is made to define a standard for the VU meter.
1940-Walt Disney’s “Fantasia” is released, with eight-track stereophonic sound.
1941-Commercial FM broadcasting begins in the U.S.
Arthur Haddy of English Decca devises the first motional feedback, lateral-cut disk recording head, later used to cut their “ffrr” high-fidelity recordings.
1942-The RCA LC-1 loudspeaker is developed as a reference-standard control-room monitor.
Dr. Olson patents a single-ribbon cardioid microphone (later developed as the RCA 77D and 77DX), and a “phased-array” directional microphone.
The first stereo tape recordings are made by Helmut Kruger at German Radio in Berlin.
1943-Altec develops their Model 604 coaxial loudspeaker.
1944-Alexander M. Poniatoff forms Ampex Corporation to make electric motors for the military.
1945-Two Magnetophon tape decks are sent back to the U.S. In pieces in multiple mailbags by Army Signal Corps Major John T. (Jack) Mullin.
1946-Webster-Chicago manufactures wire recorders for the home market.
Brush Development Corp. builds a semiprofessional tape recorder as its Model BK401 Soundmirror.
3M introduces Scotch No. 100, a black oxide paper tape.
Jack Mullin demonstrates “hi-fi” tape recording with his reconstructed Magnetophon at an Institute of Radio Engineers (IRE) meeting in San Francisco.
1947-Colonel Richard Ranger begins to manufacture his version of a Magnetophon.
Bing Crosby and his technical director, Murdo McKenzie, agree to audition tape recorders brought in by Jack Mullin and Richard Ranger. Mullin’s is preferred, and he is brought back to record Crosby’s Philco radio show.
Ampex produces its first tape recorder, the Model 200.
Major improvements are made in disk-cutting technology: the Presto 1D, Fairchild 542, and Cook feedback cutters.
The Williamson high-fidelity power amplifier circuit is published.
The first issue of Audio Engineering is published; its name is later shortened to Audio.
1948-The Audio Engineering Society (AES) is formed in New York City.
The microgroove 33-1/3 rpm long-play vinyl record (LP) is introduced by Columbia Records.
Scotch types 111 and 112 acetate-base tapes are introduced.
Magnecord introduces its PT-6, the first tape recorder in portable cases.
1949-RCA introduces the microgroove 45 rpm, large-hole, 7-inch record and record changer/adaptor.
Ampex introduces its Model 300 professional studio recorder.
Magnecord produces the first U.S.-made stereo tape recorder, employing half-track staggered-head assemblies.
A novel amplifier design is described by McIntosh and Gow.
1950-Guitarist Les Paul modifies his Ampex 300 with an extra preview head for “Sound-on-Sound” overdubs.
IBM develops a commercial magnetic drum memory.
1951-The “hot stylus” technique is introduced to disk recording.
An “Ultra-Linear” amplifier circuit is proposed by Hafler and Keroes.
Pultec introduces the first active program equalizer, the EQP-1.
The Germanium transistor is developed at Bell Laboratories.
1952-Peter J. Baxandall publishes his (much-copied) tone control circuit.
Emory Cook presses experimental dual-band left-right “binaural” disks.
1953-Ampex engineers a 4-track, 35 mm magnetic film system for 20th-Century Fox’s Christmas release of “The Robe” in CinemaScope with surround sound.
Ampex introduces the first high speed reel-to-reel duplicator as its Model 3200.
1954-EMT (Germany) introduces the electromechanical reverberation plate.
Sony produces the first pocket transistor radios.
Ampex produces its Model 600 portable tape recorder.
G. A. Briggs stages a live-versus-recorded demonstration in London’s Royal Festival Hall.
RCA introduces its polydirectional ribbon microphone, the 77DX.
Westrex introduces their Model 2B motional feedback lateral-cut disk recording head.
The first commercial 2-track stereo tapes are released.
1955-Ampex develops “Sel-Sync” (Selective Synchronous Recording), making audio overdubbing practical.
1956-Les Paul makes the first 8-track recordings using the “Sel-Sync” method.
The movie Forbidden Planet is released, with the first all-electronic film score, composed by Louis and Bebe Barron.
1957-Westrex demonstrates the first commercial “45/45” stereo cutter head.
1958-The first commercial stereo disk recordings appear.
Stefan Kudelski introduces the Nagra III battery-operated transistorized field tape recorder, which with its “Neo-Pilot” sync system becomes the de facto standard of the film industry.
1959-EMI fails to renew the Blumlein stereo patent. Hello – anybody home?
1961-3M introduces the first 2-track closed-loop capstan-drive recorder, the M-23.
The FCC decides the FM stereo broadcast format.
1962-The Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers (SMPTE) sets the standard for the time code format.
3M introduces Scotch 201/202 “Dynarange,” a black oxide low-noise mastering tape with a 4 dB improvement in s/n ratio over Scotch 111.
1963-Philips introduces the Compact Cassette tape format, and offers licenses worldwide.
Gerhard Sessler and James West, working at Bell Labs, patent the electret microphone.
The Beach Boys contract Sunn Electronics to build the first large full-range sound system for their rock music concert tour.
1965-The Dolby Type A noise reduction system is introduced.
Robert Moog shows elements of his early music “synthesizers.”
Eltro (Germany) makes a pitch/tempo shifter, using a rotating head assembly to sample a moving magnetic tape.
Herb Alpert and the Tijuana Brass tour with a Harry McCune Custom Sound System.
1967-Richard C. Heyser devises the “TDS” (Time Delay Spectrometry) acoustical measurement scheme, which paves the way for the revolutionary “TEF” (Time Energy Frequency) technology.
Altec-Lansing introduces “Acousta-Voicing,” a concept of room equalization utilizing variable multiband filters.
Elektra releases the first electronic music recording: Morton Subotnick’s Silver Apples of the Moon.
The Monterey International Pop Festival becomes the first large rock music festival.
The Broadway musical Hair opens with a high-powered sound system.
The first operational amplifiers are used in professional audio equipment, notably as summing devices for multichannel consoles.
1968-CBS releases “Switched-On Bach,” Walter (Wendy) Carlos’s polyphonic multitracking of Moog’s early music synthesizer.
1969-Dr. Thomas Stockham begins to experiment with digital tape recording.
Bill Hanley and Company designs and builds the sound system for the Woodstock Music Festival.
3M introduces Scotch 206 and 207 magnetic tape, with a s/n ratio 7 dB better than Scotch 111.
1970-The first digital delay line, the Lexicon Delta-T 101, is introduced and is widely used in sound reinforcement installations.
Ampex introduces 406 mastering tape.
1971-Denon demonstrates 18-bit PCM stereo recording using a helical-scan video recorder.
RMS and VCA circuit modules introduced by David Blackmer of dbx.
1972-Electro-Voice and CBS are licensed by Peter Scheiber to produce quadraphonic decoders using his patented matrixes.
1974-D. B. Keele pioneers the design of “constant-directivity” high-frequency horns.
The Grateful Dead produce the “Wall of Sound” at the San Francisco Cow Palace, incorporating separate systems for vocals, each of the guitars, piano and drums.
3M introduces Scotch 250 mastering tape with an increase in output level of over 10 dB compared to Scotch 111.
DuPont introduces chromium dioxide (CrO2) cassette tape.
1975-Digital tape recording begins to take hold in professional audio studios.
Michael Gerzon conceives of and Calrec (England) builds the “Soundfield Microphone,” a coincident 4-capsule cluster with matrixed “B-format” outputs and decoded steerable 2- and 4-channel discrete outputs.
EMT produces the first digital reverberation unit as its Model 250.
Ampex introduces 456 high-output mastering tape.
1976-Dr. Stockham of Soundstream makes the first 16-bit digital recording in the U.S. at the Santa Fe Opera.
1978-The first EIAJ standard for the use of 14-bit PCM adaptors with VCR decks is embodied in Sony’s PCM-1 consumer VCR adaptor.
A patent is issued to Blackmer for an adaptive filter (the basis of dbx Types I and II noise reduction).
3M introduces metal-particle cassette tape.
1980-3M, Mitsubishi, Sony and Studer each introduces a multitrack digital recorder.
EMT introduces its Model 450 hard-disk digital recorder.
Sony introduces a palm-sized stereo cassette tape player called a “Walkman.”
1981-Philips demonstrates the Compact Disc (CD).
MIDI is standardized as the universal synthesizer interface.
IBM introduces a 16-bit personal computer.
1982-Sony introduces the PCM-F1, intended for the consumer market, the first 14- and 16-bit digital adaptor for VCRs. It is eagerly snapped up by professionals, sparking the digital revolution in recording equipment.
Sony releases the first CD player, the Model CDP-101.
1983-Fiber-optic cable is used for long-distance digital audio transmission, linking New York and Washington, D.C.
1984-The Apple Corporation markets the Macintosh computer.
1985-Dolby introduces the “SR” Spectral Recording system.
1986-The first digital consoles appear.
R-DAT recorders are introduced in Japan.
Dr. Gunther Theile describes a novel stereo “sphere microphone.”
1987-Digidesign markets “Sound Tools,” a Macintosh-based digital workstation using DAT as its source and storage medium.
1990-ISDN telephone links are offered for high-end studio use.
Dolby proposes a 5-channel surround-sound scheme for home theater systems.
The write-once CD-R becomes a commercial reality.
3M introduces 996 mastering tape, a 13 dB improvement over Scotch 111.
1991-Wolfgang Ahnert presents, in a binaural simulation, the first digitally enhanced modeling of an acoustic space.
Alesis unveils the ADAT, the first “affordable” digital multitrack recorder.
Apple debuts the “QuickTime” multimedia format.
Ampex introduces 499 mastering tape.
1992-The Philips DCC and Sony’s MiniDisc, using digital audio data-reduction, are offered to consumers as record/play hardware and software.
The Nagra D is introduced as a self-contained battery-operated field recorder using Nagra’s own 4-channel 24-bit open-reel format.
1993-In the first extensive use of “distance recording” via ISDN, producer Phil Ramone records the “Duets” album with Frank Sinatra.
Mackie unveils the first “affordable” 8-bus analog console.
1994-Yamaha unveils the ProMix 01, the first “affordable” digital multitrack console.
1995-The first “solid-state” audio recorder, the Nagra ARES-C, is introduced. It is a battery-operated field unit recording on PCMCIA cards using MPEG-2 audio compression.
Iomega debuts high-capacity “Jaz” and “Zip” drives, useful as removable storage media for hard-disk recording.
1996-Record labels begin to add multimedia files to new releases, calling them “enhanced CDs.”
Experimental digital recordings are made at 24 bits and 96 kHz.
1997-DVD videodiscs and players are introduced. An audio version with 6-channel surround sound is expected to eventually supplant the CD as the chosen playback medium in the home.
1998-The Winter Olympics open with a performance of Beethoven’s “Ode to Joy,” played and sung by synchronizing live audio feeds from five continents with an orchestra and conductor at the Olympic stadium in Nagano, Japan, using satellite and ISDN technology.
Golden Anniversary celebration held in New York on March 11, the exact date of the first AES meeting in 1948, with ten of the original members present.
MP-3 players for downloaded Internet audio appear.
1999-Audio DVD Standard 1.0 agreed upon by manufacturers.
“”I say that the iPad is the new music player that will replace the MP-3s.
That would be because the iPad has a lot of apps while the MP-3 can only play a bunch of music.””
January 28, 2010 at 9:52 am
Arelie Felix
1877
Thomas Alva Edison, working in his lab, succeeds in recovering Mary’s Little Lamb from a strip of tinfoil wrapped around a spinning cylinder.
He demonstrates his invention in the offices of Scientific American, and the phonograph is born.
1878
The first music is put on record: cornetist Jules Levy plays “Yankee Doodle.”
1881
Clement Ader, using carbon microphones and armature headphones, accidentally produces a stereo effect when listeners outside the hall monitor adjacent telephone lines linked to stage mikes at the Paris Opera.
1887
Emile Berliner is granted a patent on a flat-disc gramophone, making the production of multiple copies practical.
1888
Edison introduces an electric motor-driven phonograph.
1895
Marconi achieves wireless radio transmission from Italy to America.
1898
Valdemar Poulsen patents his “Telegraphone,” recording magnetically on steel wire.
1900
Poulsen unveils his invention to the public at the Paris Exposition. Austria’s Emperor Franz Josef records his congratulations.
Boston’s Symphony Hall opens with the benefit of Wallace Clement Sabine’s acoustical advice.
1901
The Victor Talking Machine Company is founded by Emile Berliner and Eldridge Johnson.
Experimental optical recordings are made on motion picture film.
1906
Lee DeForest invents the triode vacuum tube, the first electronic signal amplifier.
1910
Enrico Caruso is heard in the first live broadcast from the Metropolitan Opera, NYC.
1912
Major Edwin F. Armstrong is issued a patent for a regenerative circuit, making radio reception practical.
1913
The first “talking movie” is demonstrated by Edison using his Kinetophone process, a cylinder player mechanically synchronized to a film projector.
1916
A patent for the superheterodyne circuit is issued to Armstrong.
The Society of Motion Picture Engineers (SMPE) is formed.
Edison does live-versus-recorded demonstrations in Carnegie Hall, NYC.
1917
The Scully disk recording lathe is introduced.
E. C. Wente of Bell Telephone Laboratories publishes a paper in Physical Review describing a “uniformly sensitive instrument for the absolute measurement of sound intensity” — the condenser microphone.
1919
The Radio Corporation of America (RCA) is founded. It is owned in part by United Fruit.
1921
The first commercial AM radio broadcast is made by KDKA, Pittsburgh PA.
1925
Bell Labs develops a moving armature lateral cutting system for electrical recording on disk. Concurrently they Introduce the Victor Orthophonic Victrola, “Credenza” model. This all-acoustic player — with no electronics — is considered a leap forward in phonograph design.
The first electrically recorded 78 rpm disks appear.
RCA works on the development of ribbon microphones.
1926
O’Neill patents iron oxide-coated paper tape.
1927
“The Jazz Singer” is released as the first commercial talking picture, using Vitaphone sound on disks synchronized with film.
The Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) is formed.
The Japan Victor Corporation (JVC) is formed as a subsidiary of the Victor Talking Machine Co.
1928
Dr. Harold Black at Bell Labs applies for a patent on the principle of negative feedback. It is granted nine years later.
Dr. Georg Neumann founds a company in Germany to manufacture his condenser microphones. Its first product is the Model CMV 3.
1929
Harry Nyquist publishes the mathematical foundation for the sampling theorem basic to all digital audio processing, the “Nyquist Theorem.”
The “Blattnerphone” is developed for use as a magnetic recorder using steel tape.
1931
Alan Blumlein, working for Electrical and Musical Industries (EMI) in London, in effect patents stereo. His seminal patent discusses the theory of stereo, both describing and picturing in the course of its 70-odd individual claims a coincident crossed-eights miking arrangement and a “45-45” cutting system for stereo disks.
Arthur Keller and associates at Bell Labs in New York experiment with a vertical-lateral stereo disk cutter.
1932
The first cardioid ribbon microphone is patented by Dr. Harry F. Olson of RCA, using a field coil instead of a permanent magnet.
1933
Magnetic recording on steel wire is developed commercially.
Snow, Fletcher, and Steinberg at Bell Labs transmit the first inter-city stereo audio program.
1935
AEG (Germany) exhibits its “Magnetophon” Model K-1 at the Berlin Radio Exposition.
BASF prepares the first plastic-based magnetic tapes.
1936
BASF makes the first tape recording of a symphony concert during a visit by the touring London Philharmonic Orchestra. Sir Thomas Beecham conducts Mozart.
Von Braunmühl and Weber apply for a patent on the cardioid condenser microphone.
1938
Benjamin B. Bauer of Shure Bros. engineers a single microphone element to produce a cardioid pickup pattern, called the Unidyne, Model 55. This later becomes the basis for the well known SM57 and SM58 microphones.
Under the direction of Dr. Harry Olson, Leslie J. Anderson designs the 44B ribbon bidirectional microphone and the 77B ribbon unidirectional for RCA.
RCA develops the first column loudspeaker array.
1939
Independently, engineers in Germany, Japan and the U.S. discover and develop AC biasing for magnetic recording.
Western Electric designs the first motional feedback, vertical-cut disk recording head.
Major Armstrong, the inventor of FM radio, makes the first experimental FM broadcast.
The first of many attempts is made to define a standard for the VU meter.
1940
Walt Disney’s “Fantasia” is released, with eight-track stereophonic sound.
1941
Commercial FM broadcasting begins in the U.S.
Arthur Haddy of English Decca devises the first motional feedback, lateral-cut disk recording head, later used to cut their “ffrr” high-fidelity recordings.
1942
The RCA LC-1 loudspeaker is developed as a reference-standard control-room monitor.
Dr. Olson patents a single-ribbon cardioid microphone (later developed as the RCA 77D and 77DX), and a “phased-array” directional microphone.
The first stereo tape recordings are made by Helmut Kruger at German Radio in Berlin.
1943
Altec develops their Model 604 coaxial loudspeaker.
1944
Alexander M. Poniatoff forms Ampex Corporation to make electric motors for the military.
1945
Two Magnetophon tape decks are sent back to the U.S. In pieces in multiple mailbags by Army Signal Corps Major John T. (Jack) Mullin.
1946
Webster-Chicago manufactures wire recorders for the home market.
Brush Development Corp. builds a semiprofessional tape recorder as its Model BK401 Soundmirror.
3M introduces Scotch No. 100, a black oxide paper tape.
Jack Mullin demonstrates “hi-fi” tape recording with his reconstructed Magnetophon at an Institute of Radio Engineers (IRE) meeting in San Francisco.
1947
Colonel Richard Ranger begins to manufacture his version of a Magnetophon.
Bing Crosby and his technical director, Murdo McKenzie, agree to audition tape recorders brought in by Jack Mullin and Richard Ranger. Mullin’s is preferred, and he is brought back to record Crosby’s Philco radio show.
Ampex produces its first tape recorder, the Model 200.
Major improvements are made in disk-cutting technology: the Presto 1D, Fairchild 542, and Cook feedback cutters.
The Williamson high-fidelity power amplifier circuit is published.
The first issue of Audio Engineering is published; its name is later shortened to Audio.
1948
The Audio Engineering Society (AES) is formed in New York City.
The microgroove 33-1/3 rpm long-play vinyl record (LP) is introduced by Columbia Records.
Scotch types 111 and 112 acetate-base tapes are introduced.
Magnecord introduces its PT-6, the first tape recorder in portable cases.
1949
RCA introduces the microgroove 45 rpm, large-hole, 7-inch record and record changer/adaptor.
Ampex introduces its Model 300 professional studio recorder.
Magnecord produces the first U.S.-made stereo tape recorder, employing half-track staggered-head assemblies.
A novel amplifier design is described by McIntosh and Gow.
1950
Guitarist Les Paul modifies his Ampex 300 with an extra preview head for “Sound-on-Sound” overdubs.
IBM develops a commercial magnetic drum memory.
1951
The “hot stylus” technique is introduced to disk recording.
An “Ultra-Linear” amplifier circuit is proposed by Hafler and Keroes.
Pultec introduces the first active program equalizer, the EQP-1.
The Germanium transistor is developed at Bell Laboratories.
1952
Peter J. Baxandall publishes his (much-copied) tone control circuit.
Emory Cook presses experimental dual-band left-right “binaural” disks.
1953
Ampex engineers a 4-track, 35 mm magnetic film system for 20th-Century Fox’s Christmas release of “The Robe” in CinemaScope with surround sound.
Ampex introduces the first high speed reel-to-reel duplicator as its Model 3200.
1954
EMT (Germany) introduces the electromechanical reverberation plate.
Sony produces the first pocket transistor radios.
Ampex produces its Model 600 portable tape recorder.
G. A. Briggs stages a live-versus-recorded demonstration in London’s Royal Festival Hall.
RCA introduces its polydirectional ribbon microphone, the 77DX.
Westrex introduces their Model 2B motional feedback lateral-cut disk recording head.
The first commercial 2-track stereo tapes are released.
1955
Ampex develops “Sel-Sync” (Selective Synchronous Recording), making audio overdubbing practical.
1956
Les Paul makes the first 8-track recordings using the “Sel-Sync” method.
The movie Forbidden Planet is released, with the first all-electronic film score, composed by Louis and Bebe Barron.
1957
Westrex demonstrates the first commercial “45/45” stereo cutter head.
1958
The first commercial stereo disk recordings appear.
Stefan Kudelski introduces the Nagra III battery-operated transistorized field tape recorder, which with its “Neo-Pilot” sync system becomes the de facto standard of the film industry.
1959
EMI fails to renew the Blumlein stereo patent. Hello – anybody home?
1961
3M introduces the first 2-track closed-loop capstan-drive recorder, the M-23.
The FCC decides the FM stereo broadcast format.
1962
The Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers (SMPTE) sets the standard for the time code format.
3M introduces Scotch 201/202 “Dynarange,” a black oxide low-noise mastering tape with a 4 dB improvement in s/n ratio over Scotch 111.
1963
Philips introduces the Compact Cassette tape format, and offers licenses worldwide.
Gerhard Sessler and James West, working at Bell Labs, patent the electret microphone.
The Beach Boys contract Sunn Electronics to build the first large full-range sound system for their rock music concert tour.
1965
The Dolby Type A noise reduction system is introduced.
Robert Moog shows elements of his early music “synthesizers.”
Eltro (Germany) makes a pitch/tempo shifter, using a rotating head assembly to sample a moving magnetic tape.
Herb Alpert and the Tijuana Brass tour with a Harry McCune Custom Sound System.
1967
Richard C. Heyser devises the “TDS” (Time Delay Spectrometry) acoustical measurement scheme, which paves the way for the revolutionary “TEF” (Time Energy Frequency) technology.
Altec-Lansing introduces “Acousta-Voicing,” a concept of room equalization utilizing variable multiband filters.
Elektra releases the first electronic music recording: Morton Subotnick’s Silver Apples of the Moon.
The Monterey International Pop Festival becomes the first large rock music festival.
The Broadway musical Hair opens with a high-powered sound system.
The first operational amplifiers are used in professional audio equipment, notably as summing devices for multichannel consoles.
1968
CBS releases “Switched-On Bach,” Walter (Wendy) Carlos’s polyphonic multitracking of Moog’s early music synthesizer.
1969
Dr. Thomas Stockham begins to experiment with digital tape recording.
Bill Hanley and Company designs and builds the sound system for the Woodstock Music Festival.
3M introduces Scotch 206 and 207 magnetic tape, with a s/n ratio 7 dB better than Scotch 111.
1970
The first digital delay line, the Lexicon Delta-T 101, is introduced and is widely used in sound reinforcement installations.
Ampex introduces 406 mastering tape.
1971
Denon demonstrates 18-bit PCM stereo recording using a helical-scan video recorder.
RMS and VCA circuit modules introduced by David Blackmer of dbx.
1972
Electro-Voice and CBS are licensed by Peter Scheiber to produce quadraphonic decoders using his patented matrixes.
1974
D. B. Keele pioneers the design of “constant-directivity” high-frequency horns.
The Grateful Dead produce the “Wall of Sound” at the San Francisco Cow Palace, incorporating separate systems for vocals, each of the guitars, piano and drums.
3M introduces Scotch 250 mastering tape with an increase in output level of over 10 dB compared to Scotch 111.
DuPont introduces chromium dioxide (CrO2) cassette tape.
1975
Digital tape recording begins to take hold in professional audio studios.
Michael Gerzon conceives of and Calrec (England) builds the “Soundfield Microphone,” a coincident 4-capsule cluster with matrixed “B-format” outputs and decoded steerable 2- and 4-channel discrete outputs.
EMT produces the first digital reverberation unit as its Model 250.
Ampex introduces 456 high-output mastering tape.
1976
Dr. Stockham of Soundstream makes the first 16-bit digital recording in the U.S. at the Santa Fe Opera.
1978
The first EIAJ standard for the use of 14-bit PCM adaptors with VCR decks is embodied in Sony’s PCM-1 consumer VCR adaptor.
A patent is issued to Blackmer for an adaptive filter (the basis of dbx Types I and II noise reduction).
3M introduces metal-particle cassette tape.
1980
3M, Mitsubishi, Sony and Studer each introduces a multitrack digital recorder.
EMT introduces its Model 450 hard-disk digital recorder.
Sony introduces a palm-sized stereo cassette tape player called a “Walkman.”
1981
Philips demonstrates the Compact Disc (CD).
MIDI is standardized as the universal synthesizer interface.
IBM introduces a 16-bit personal computer.
1982
Sony introduces the PCM-F1, intended for the consumer market, the first 14- and 16-bit digital adaptor for VCRs. It is eagerly snapped up by professionals, sparking the digital revolution in recording equipment.
Sony releases the first CD player, the Model CDP-101.
1983
Fiber-optic cable is used for long-distance digital audio transmission, linking New York and Washington, D.C.
1984
The Apple Corporation markets the Macintosh computer.
1985
Dolby introduces the “SR” Spectral Recording system.
1986
The first digital consoles appear.
R-DAT recorders are introduced in Japan.
Dr. Gunther Theile describes a novel stereo “sphere microphone.”
1987
Digidesign markets “Sound Tools,” a Macintosh-based digital workstation using DAT as its source and storage medium.
1990
ISDN telephone links are offered for high-end studio use.
Dolby proposes a 5-channel surround-sound scheme for home theater systems.
The write-once CD-R becomes a commercial reality.
3M introduces 996 mastering tape, a 13 dB improvement over Scotch 111.
1991
Wolfgang Ahnert presents, in a binaural simulation, the first digitally enhanced modeling of an acoustic space.
Alesis unveils the ADAT, the first “affordable” digital multitrack recorder.
Apple debuts the “QuickTime” multimedia format.
Ampex introduces 499 mastering tape.
1992
The Philips DCC and Sony’s MiniDisc, using digital audio data-reduction, are offered to consumers as record/play hardware and software.
The Nagra D is introduced as a self-contained battery-operated field recorder using Nagra’s own 4-channel 24-bit open-reel format.
1993
In the first extensive use of “distance recording” via ISDN, producer Phil Ramone records the “Duets” album with Frank Sinatra.
Mackie unveils the first “affordable” 8-bus analog console.
1994
Yamaha unveils the ProMix 01, the first “affordable” digital multitrack console.
1995
The first “solid-state” audio recorder, the Nagra ARES-C, is introduced. It is a battery-operated field unit recording on PCMCIA cards using MPEG-2 audio compression.
Iomega debuts high-capacity “Jaz” and “Zip” drives, useful as removable storage media for hard-disk recording.
1996
Record labels begin to add multimedia files to new releases, calling them “enhanced CDs.”
Experimental digital recordings are made at 24 bits and 96 kHz.
1997
DVD videodiscs and players are introduced. An audio version with 6-channel surround sound is expected to eventually supplant the CD as the chosen playback medium in the home.
1998
The Winter Olympics open with a performance of Beethoven’s “Ode to Joy,” played and sung by synchronizing live audio feeds from five continents with an orchestra and conductor at the Olympic stadium in Nagano, Japan, using satellite and ISDN technology.
Golden Anniversary celebration held in New York on March 11, the exact date of the first AES meeting in 1948, with ten of the original members present.
MP-3 players for downloaded Internet audio appear.
1999
Audio DVD Standard 1.0 agreed upon by manufacturers.
well the ipod is already replacing the mp3. I guess it’s pretty much the same thing but supposedly the ipod is better. it is more technology and it’ll probably only last until inventors make up something that’ll become more automatic.
January 28, 2010 at 9:57 am
maritza saldana
1877
Thomas Alva Edison, working in his lab, succeeds in recovering Mary’s Little Lamb from a strip of tinfoil wrapped around a spinning cylinder.
He demonstrates his invention in the offices of Scientific American, and the phonograph is born.
1878
The first music is put on record: cornetist Jules Levy plays “Yankee Doodle.”
1881
Clement Ader, using carbon microphones and armature headphones, accidentally produces a stereo effect when listeners outside the hall monitor adjacent telephone lines linked to stage mikes at the Paris Opera.
1887
Emile Berliner is granted a patent on a flat-disc gramophone, making the production of multiple copies practical.
1888
Edison introduces an electric motor-driven phonograph.
1895
Marconi achieves wireless radio transmission from Italy to America.
1898
Valdemar Poulsen patents his “Telegraphone,” recording magnetically on steel wire.
1900
Poulsen unveils his invention to the public at the Paris Exposition. Austria’s Emperor Franz Josef records his congratulations.
Boston’s Symphony Hall opens with the benefit of Wallace Clement Sabine’s acoustical advice.
1901
The Victor Talking Machine Company is founded by Emile Berliner and Eldridge Johnson.
Experimental optical recordings are made on motion picture film.
1906
Lee DeForest invents the triode vacuum tube, the first electronic signal amplifier.
1910
Enrico Caruso is heard in the first live broadcast from the Metropolitan Opera, NYC.
1912
Major Edwin F. Armstrong is issued a patent for a regenerative circuit, making radio reception practical.
1913
The first “talking movie” is demonstrated by Edison using his Kinetophone process, a cylinder player mechanically synchronized to a film projector.
1916
A patent for the superheterodyne circuit is issued to Armstrong.
The Society of Motion Picture Engineers (SMPE) is formed.
Edison does live-versus-recorded demonstrations in Carnegie Hall, NYC.
1917
The Scully disk recording lathe is introduced.
E. C. Wente of Bell Telephone Laboratories publishes a paper in Physical Review describing a “uniformly sensitive instrument for the absolute measurement of sound intensity” — the condenser microphone.
1919
The Radio Corporation of America (RCA) is founded. It is owned in part by United Fruit.
1921
The first commercial AM radio broadcast is made by KDKA, Pittsburgh PA.
1925
Bell Labs develops a moving armature lateral cutting system for electrical recording on disk. Concurrently they Introduce the Victor Orthophonic Victrola, “Credenza” model. This all-acoustic player — with no electronics — is considered a leap forward in phonograph design.
The first electrically recorded 78 rpm disks appear.
RCA works on the development of ribbon microphones.
1926
O’Neill patents iron oxide-coated paper tape.
1927
“The Jazz Singer” is released as the first commercial talking picture, using Vitaphone sound on disks synchronized with film.
The Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) is formed.
The Japan Victor Corporation (JVC) is formed as a subsidiary of the Victor Talking Machine Co.
1928
Dr. Harold Black at Bell Labs applies for a patent on the principle of negative feedback. It is granted nine years later.
Dr. Georg Neumann founds a company in Germany to manufacture his condenser microphones. Its first product is the Model CMV 3.
1929
Harry Nyquist publishes the mathematical foundation for the sampling theorem basic to all digital audio processing, the “Nyquist Theorem.”
The “Blattnerphone” is developed for use as a magnetic recorder using steel tape.
1931
Alan Blumlein, working for Electrical and Musical Industries (EMI) in London, in effect patents stereo. His seminal patent discusses the theory of stereo, both describing and picturing in the course of its 70-odd individual claims a coincident crossed-eights miking arrangement and a “45-45” cutting system for stereo disks.
Arthur Keller and associates at Bell Labs in New York experiment with a vertical-lateral stereo disk cutter.
1932
The first cardioid ribbon microphone is patented by Dr. Harry F. Olson of RCA, using a field coil instead of a permanent magnet.
1933
Magnetic recording on steel wire is developed commercially.
Snow, Fletcher, and Steinberg at Bell Labs transmit the first inter-city stereo audio program.
1935
AEG (Germany) exhibits its “Magnetophon” Model K-1 at the Berlin Radio Exposition.
BASF prepares the first plastic-based magnetic tapes.
1936
BASF makes the first tape recording of a symphony concert during a visit by the touring London Philharmonic Orchestra. Sir Thomas Beecham conducts Mozart.
Von Braunmühl and Weber apply for a patent on the cardioid condenser microphone.
1938
Benjamin B. Bauer of Shure Bros. engineers a single microphone element to produce a cardioid pickup pattern, called the Unidyne, Model 55. This later becomes the basis for the well known SM57 and SM58 microphones.
Under the direction of Dr. Harry Olson, Leslie J. Anderson designs the 44B ribbon bidirectional microphone and the 77B ribbon unidirectional for RCA.
RCA develops the first column loudspeaker array.
1939
Independently, engineers in Germany, Japan and the U.S. discover and develop AC biasing for magnetic recording.
Western Electric designs the first motional feedback, vertical-cut disk recording head.
Major Armstrong, the inventor of FM radio, makes the first experimental FM broadcast.
The first of many attempts is made to define a standard for the VU meter.
1940
Walt Disney’s “Fantasia” is released, with eight-track stereophonic sound.
1941
Commercial FM broadcasting begins in the U.S.
Arthur Haddy of English Decca devises the first motional feedback, lateral-cut disk recording head, later used to cut their “ffrr” high-fidelity recordings.
1942
The RCA LC-1 loudspeaker is developed as a reference-standard control-room monitor.
Dr. Olson patents a single-ribbon cardioid microphone (later developed as the RCA 77D and 77DX), and a “phased-array” directional microphone.
The first stereo tape recordings are made by Helmut Kruger at German Radio in Berlin.
1943
Altec develops their Model 604 coaxial loudspeaker.
1944
Alexander M. Poniatoff forms Ampex Corporation to make electric motors for the military.
1945
Two Magnetophon tape decks are sent back to the U.S. In pieces in multiple mailbags by Army Signal Corps Major John T. (Jack) Mullin.
1946
Webster-Chicago manufactures wire recorders for the home market.
Brush Development Corp. builds a semiprofessional tape recorder as its Model BK401 Soundmirror.
3M introduces Scotch No. 100, a black oxide paper tape.
Jack Mullin demonstrates “hi-fi” tape recording with his reconstructed Magnetophon at an Institute of Radio Engineers (IRE) meeting in San Francisco.
1947
Colonel Richard Ranger begins to manufacture his version of a Magnetophon.
Bing Crosby and his technical director, Murdo McKenzie, agree to audition tape recorders brought in by Jack Mullin and Richard Ranger. Mullin’s is preferred, and he is brought back to record Crosby’s Philco radio show.
Ampex produces its first tape recorder, the Model 200.
Major improvements are made in disk-cutting technology: the Presto 1D, Fairchild 542, and Cook feedback cutters.
The Williamson high-fidelity power amplifier circuit is published.
The first issue of Audio Engineering is published; its name is later shortened to Audio.
1948
The Audio Engineering Society (AES) is formed in New York City.
The microgroove 33-1/3 rpm long-play vinyl record (LP) is introduced by Columbia Records.
Scotch types 111 and 112 acetate-base tapes are introduced.
Magnecord introduces its PT-6, the first tape recorder in portable cases.
1949
RCA introduces the microgroove 45 rpm, large-hole, 7-inch record and record changer/adaptor.
Ampex introduces its Model 300 professional studio recorder.
Magnecord produces the first U.S.-made stereo tape recorder, employing half-track staggered-head assemblies.
A novel amplifier design is described by McIntosh and Gow.
1950
Guitarist Les Paul modifies his Ampex 300 with an extra preview head for “Sound-on-Sound” overdubs.
IBM develops a commercial magnetic drum memory.
1951
The “hot stylus” technique is introduced to disk recording.
An “Ultra-Linear” amplifier circuit is proposed by Hafler and Keroes.
Pultec introduces the first active program equalizer, the EQP-1.
The Germanium transistor is developed at Bell Laboratories.
1952
Peter J. Baxandall publishes his (much-copied) tone control circuit.
Emory Cook presses experimental dual-band left-right “binaural” disks.
1953
Ampex engineers a 4-track, 35 mm magnetic film system for 20th-Century Fox’s Christmas release of “The Robe” in CinemaScope with surround sound.
Ampex introduces the first high speed reel-to-reel duplicator as its Model 3200.
1954
EMT (Germany) introduces the electromechanical reverberation plate.
Sony produces the first pocket transistor radios.
Ampex produces its Model 600 portable tape recorder.
G. A. Briggs stages a live-versus-recorded demonstration in London’s Royal Festival Hall.
RCA introduces its polydirectional ribbon microphone, the 77DX.
Westrex introduces their Model 2B motional feedback lateral-cut disk recording head.
The first commercial 2-track stereo tapes are released.
1955
Ampex develops “Sel-Sync” (Selective Synchronous Recording), making audio overdubbing practical.
1956
Les Paul makes the first 8-track recordings using the “Sel-Sync” method.
The movie Forbidden Planet is released, with the first all-electronic film score, composed by Louis and Bebe Barron.
1957
Westrex demonstrates the first commercial “45/45” stereo cutter head.
1958
The first commercial stereo disk recordings appear.
Stefan Kudelski introduces the Nagra III battery-operated transistorized field tape recorder, which with its “Neo-Pilot” sync system becomes the de facto standard of the film industry.
1959
EMI fails to renew the Blumlein stereo patent. Hello – anybody home?
1961
3M introduces the first 2-track closed-loop capstan-drive recorder, the M-23.
The FCC decides the FM stereo broadcast format.
1962
The Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers (SMPTE) sets the standard for the time code format.
3M introduces Scotch 201/202 “Dynarange,” a black oxide low-noise mastering tape with a 4 dB improvement in s/n ratio over Scotch 111.
1963
Philips introduces the Compact Cassette tape format, and offers licenses worldwide.
Gerhard Sessler and James West, working at Bell Labs, patent the electret microphone.
The Beach Boys contract Sunn Electronics to build the first large full-range sound system for their rock music concert tour.
1965
The Dolby Type A noise reduction system is introduced.
Robert Moog shows elements of his early music “synthesizers.”
Eltro (Germany) makes a pitch/tempo shifter, using a rotating head assembly to sample a moving magnetic tape.
Herb Alpert and the Tijuana Brass tour with a Harry McCune Custom Sound System.
1967
Richard C. Heyser devises the “TDS” (Time Delay Spectrometry) acoustical measurement scheme, which paves the way for the revolutionary “TEF” (Time Energy Frequency) technology.
Altec-Lansing introduces “Acousta-Voicing,” a concept of room equalization utilizing variable multiband filters.
Elektra releases the first electronic music recording: Morton Subotnick’s Silver Apples of the Moon.
The Monterey International Pop Festival becomes the first large rock music festival.
The Broadway musical Hair opens with a high-powered sound system.
The first operational amplifiers are used in professional audio equipment, notably as summing devices for multichannel consoles.
1968
CBS releases “Switched-On Bach,” Walter (Wendy) Carlos’s polyphonic multitracking of Moog’s early music synthesizer.
1969
Dr. Thomas Stockham begins to experiment with digital tape recording.
Bill Hanley and Company designs and builds the sound system for the Woodstock Music Festival.
3M introduces Scotch 206 and 207 magnetic tape, with a s/n ratio 7 dB better than Scotch 111.
1970
The first digital delay line, the Lexicon Delta-T 101, is introduced and is widely used in sound reinforcement installations.
Ampex introduces 406 mastering tape.
1971
Denon demonstrates 18-bit PCM stereo recording using a helical-scan video recorder.
RMS and VCA circuit modules introduced by David Blackmer of dbx.
1972
Electro-Voice and CBS are licensed by Peter Scheiber to produce quadraphonic decoders using his patented matrixes.
1974
D. B. Keele pioneers the design of “constant-directivity” high-frequency horns.
The Grateful Dead produce the “Wall of Sound” at the San Francisco Cow Palace, incorporating separate systems for vocals, each of the guitars, piano and drums.
3M introduces Scotch 250 mastering tape with an increase in output level of over 10 dB compared to Scotch 111.
DuPont introduces chromium dioxide (CrO2) cassette tape.
1975
Digital tape recording begins to take hold in professional audio studios.
Michael Gerzon conceives of and Calrec (England) builds the “Soundfield Microphone,” a coincident 4-capsule cluster with matrixed “B-format” outputs and decoded steerable 2- and 4-channel discrete outputs.
EMT produces the first digital reverberation unit as its Model 250.
Ampex introduces 456 high-output mastering tape.
1976
Dr. Stockham of Soundstream makes the first 16-bit digital recording in the U.S. at the Santa Fe Opera.
1978
The first EIAJ standard for the use of 14-bit PCM adaptors with VCR decks is embodied in Sony’s PCM-1 consumer VCR adaptor.
A patent is issued to Blackmer for an adaptive filter (the basis of dbx Types I and II noise reduction).
3M introduces metal-particle cassette tape.
1980
3M, Mitsubishi, Sony and Studer each introduces a multitrack digital recorder.
EMT introduces its Model 450 hard-disk digital recorder.
Sony introduces a palm-sized stereo cassette tape player called a “Walkman.”
1981
Philips demonstrates the Compact Disc (CD).
MIDI is standardized as the universal synthesizer interface.
IBM introduces a 16-bit personal computer.
1982
Sony introduces the PCM-F1, intended for the consumer market, the first 14- and 16-bit digital adaptor for VCRs. It is eagerly snapped up by professionals, sparking the digital revolution in recording equipment.
Sony releases the first CD player, the Model CDP-101.
1983
Fiber-optic cable is used for long-distance digital audio transmission, linking New York and Washington, D.C.
1984
The Apple Corporation markets the Macintosh computer.
1985
Dolby introduces the “SR” Spectral Recording system.
1986
The first digital consoles appear.
R-DAT recorders are introduced in Japan.
Dr. Gunther Theile describes a novel stereo “sphere microphone.”
1987
Digidesign markets “Sound Tools,” a Macintosh-based digital workstation using DAT as its source and storage medium.
1990
ISDN telephone links are offered for high-end studio use.
Dolby proposes a 5-channel surround-sound scheme for home theater systems.
The write-once CD-R becomes a commercial reality.
3M introduces 996 mastering tape, a 13 dB improvement over Scotch 111.
1991
Wolfgang Ahnert presents, in a binaural simulation, the first digitally enhanced modeling of an acoustic space.
Alesis unveils the ADAT, the first “affordable” digital multitrack recorder.
Apple debuts the “QuickTime” multimedia format.
Ampex introduces 499 mastering tape.
1992
The Philips DCC and Sony’s MiniDisc, using digital audio data-reduction, are offered to consumers as record/play hardware and software.
The Nagra D is introduced as a self-contained battery-operated field recorder using Nagra’s own 4-channel 24-bit open-reel format.
1993
In the first extensive use of “distance recording” via ISDN, producer Phil Ramone records the “Duets” album with Frank Sinatra.
Mackie unveils the first “affordable” 8-bus analog console.
1994
Yamaha unveils the ProMix 01, the first “affordable” digital multitrack console.
1995
The first “solid-state” audio recorder, the Nagra ARES-C, is introduced. It is a battery-operated field unit recording on PCMCIA cards using MPEG-2 audio compression.
Iomega debuts high-capacity “Jaz” and “Zip” drives, useful as removable storage media for hard-disk recording.
1996
Record labels begin to add multimedia files to new releases, calling them “enhanced CDs.”
Experimental digital recordings are made at 24 bits and 96 kHz.
1997
DVD videodiscs and players are introduced. An audio version with 6-channel surround sound is expected to eventually supplant the CD as the chosen playback medium in the home.
1998
The Winter Olympics open with a performance of Beethoven’s “Ode to Joy,” played and sung by synchronizing live audio feeds from five continents with an orchestra and conductor at the Olympic stadium in Nagano, Japan, using satellite and ISDN technology.
Golden Anniversary celebration held in New York on March 11, the exact date of the first AES meeting in 1948, with ten of the original members present.
MP-3 players for downloaded Internet audio appear.
1999
Audio DVD Standard 1.0 agreed upon by manufacturers.
January 28, 2010 at 10:05 am
Andres Sanchez Ruiz Per-1 1/28/10
1878
The first music is put on record: cornetist Jules Levy plays “Yankee Doodle.”
1901
The Victor Talking Machine Company is founded by Emile Berliner and Eldridge Johnson.
Experimental optical recordings are made on motion picture film.
1916
A patent for the superheterodyne circuit is issued to Armstrong.
The Society of Motion Picture Engineers (SMPE) is formed.
Edison does live-versus-recorded demonstrations in Carnegie Hall, NYC
1926
O’Neill patents iron oxide-coated paper tape.
1932
The first cardioid ribbon microphone is patented by Dr. Harry F. Olson of RCA, using a field coil instead of a permanent magnet.
1936
BASF makes the first tape recording of a symphony concert during a visit by the touring London Philharmonic Orchestra. Sir Thomas Beecham conducts Mozart.
1942
The RCA LC-1 loudspeaker is developed as a reference-standard control-room monitor.
Dr. Olson patents a single-ribbon cardioid microphone (later developed as the RCA 77D and 77DX), and a “phased-array” directional microphone.
1945
Two Magnetophon tape decks are sent back to the U.S. In pieces in multiple mailbags by Army Signal Corps Major John T. (Jack) Mullin.
1947
Colonel Richard Ranger begins to manufacture his version of a Magnetophon.
1950
Guitarist Les Paul modifies his Ampex 300 with an extra preview head for “Sound-on-Sound” overdubs.
IBM develops a commercial magnetic drum memory.
1954
EMT (Germany) introduces the electromechanical reverberation plate.
Sony produces the first pocket transistor radios.
1961
3M introduces the first 2-track closed-loop capstan-drive recorder, the M-23.
The FCC decides the FM stereo broadcast format.1965
The Dolby Type A noise reduction system is introduced.
Robert Moog shows elements of his early music “synthesizers.”1968
CBS releases “Switched-On Bach,” Walter (Wendy) Carlos’s polyphonic multitracking of Moog’s early music synthesizer
1972
Electro-Voice and CBS are licensed by Peter Scheiber to produce quadraphonic decoders using his patented matrixes.
1974
D. B. Keele pioneers the design of “constant-directivity” high-frequency horns.
The Grateful Dead produce the “Wall of Sound” at the San Francisco Cow Palace, incorporating separate systems for vocals, each of the guitars, piano and drums.
1976
Dr. Stockham of Soundstream makes the first 16-bit digital recording in the U.S. at the Santa Fe Opera.1981
Philips demonstrates the Compact Disc (CD).
MIDI is standardized as the universal synthesizer interface.
IBM introduces a 16-bit personal computer.
1985
Dolby introduces the “SR” Spectral Recording system.
1986
The first digital consoles appear.
R-DAT recorders are introduced in Japan.
Dr. Gunther Theile describes a novel stereo “sphere microphone.”
1993
In the first extensive use of “distance recording” via ISDN, producer Phil Ramone records the “Duets” album with Frank Sinatra.
1996
Record labels begin to add multimedia files to new releases, calling them “enhanced CDs.”
Experimental digital recordings are made at 24 bits and 96 kHz.
1999
Audio DVD Standard 1.0 agreed upon by manufacturers.
January 28, 2010 at 10:07 am
Miguel Valencia p.1 1/26/10
1.1941
Commercial FM broadcasting begins in the U.S
2.1942
The RCA LC-1 loudspeaker is developed as a reference-standard control-room monitor.
3.1943
Altec develops their Model 604 coaxial loudspeaker.
4.1949
RCA introduces the microgroove 45 rpm, large-hole, 7-inch record and record changer/adaptor.
5.1951
Pultec introduces the first active program equalizer, the EQP-1.
6.1954
Sony produces the first pocket transistor radios.
7.1956
Les Paul makes the first 8-track recordings using the “Sel-Sync” method.
8.1958
The first commercial stereo disk recordings appear
9.1965
The Dolby Type A noise reduction system is introduced
10.1967
The first operational amplifiers are used in professional audio equipment
11.1975
Digital tape recording begins to take hold in professional audio studios
12.1980
3M, Mitsubishi, Sony and Studer each introduces a multitrack digital recorder.
13.1981
Philips demonstrates the Compact Disc (CD)
14.1982
Sony releases the first CD player, the Model CDP-101.
15.1985
Dolby introduces the “SR” Spectral Recording system
16.1986
The first digital consoles appear.
17.1994
Yamaha unveils the ProMix 01, the first “affordable” digital multitrack console
18.1995
The first “solid-state” audio recorder
19.1996
Experimental digital recordings are made at 24 bits and 96 kHz
20.1999
Audio DVD Standard 1.0 agreed upon by manufacturers
January 28, 2010 at 10:08 am
Zendejas, Dulce
1910
Enrico Caruso is heard in the first live broadcast from the Metropolitan Opera,
912
Major Edwin F. Armstrong is issued a patent for a regenerative circuit, making radio reception practical.
917
The Scully disk recording lathe is introduced.
1921
The first commercial AM radio broadcast is made by KDKA, Pittsburgh PA.
1926
O’Neill patents iron oxide-coated paper tape.
1932
The first cardioid ribbon microphone is patented by Dr. Harry F. Olson of RCA, using a field coil instead of a permanent magnet.
1943
Altec develops their Model 604 coaxial loudspeaker.
1958
The first commercial stereo disk recordings appear.
1981
Philips demonstrates the Compact Disc (CD).
1984
The Apple Corporation markets the Macintosh computer.
1994
Yamaha unveils the ProMix 01, the first “affordable” digital multitrack console
1999
Audio DVD Standard 1.0 agreed upon by manufacturers.
2000
DVD audio
2004
Dual Disk, cd on one side and DVD on the oder side
2005
play away
2006
apple computers on line music store integrated into its itunes software
January 28, 2010 at 10:15 am
Miguel Torres
1940s Reel-to-reel tape Magnetic tape, Analog
1948 Vinyl record Analog; lateral grooves, horizontal stylus also known as LP or long-playing records
1957 Stereophonic vinyl record Analog; lateral/vertical stylus (each channel encoded 45 degrees to vertical)
1963 Compact cassette Analog; 1/8 in. tape width; 1 7/8 ips popular in the US through the 1990s
1964 8-track tape Analog; 1/4 in. tape width; 3 3/4 ips in an endless loop cartridge
1969 Microcassette Analog
1970 Dolby noise reduction introduced (cassettes)
1975 Betamax digital audio “Dolby Stereo” cinema surround sound
1982 Compact disc Digital; usually 4 3/4 in. diameter first available in Japan in October 1982, in Europe in February 1983, and in the US in March
1983
1985 CD-ROM
1987 Digital audio tape (DAT) cassette version of the CD; used in the recording industry until 2000; DAT players ceased production in 2005
1990s Digital compact cassette
1991 MiniDisc
1992 WAVEform (WAV) Dolby digital surround cinema sound
1993 Dolby theatre system (DTS)
Sony dynamic digital sound (SDDS)
1995 MP3
1996 DVD
1999 Super audio CD (SACD) Windows media audio (WMA) (higher sampling rate, spatial sound capability)
2000 DVD-Audio
2004 DualDisc CD on one side, DVD on the other
2005 Playaway
2006 blu-ray
2008 slotmusic
2010 ipad
2015 mpx a micro mp3 player that picks up music signals from anywhere by just thinking of a song
January 28, 2010 at 10:15 am
adrian period1
1935
AEG (Germany) exhibits its “Magnetophon” Model K-1 at the Berlin Radio Exposition.
BASF prepares the first plastic-based magnetic tapes.
1936
BASF makes the first tape recording of a symphony concert during a visit by the touring London Philharmonic Orchestra. Sir Thomas Beecham conducts Mozart.
Von Braunmühl and Weber apply for a patent on the cardioid condenser microphone.
1938
Benjamin B. Bauer of Shure Bros. engineers a single microphone element to produce a cardioid pickup pattern, called the Unidyne, Model 55. This later becomes the basis for the well known SM57 and SM58 microphones.
Under the direction of Dr. Harry Olson, Leslie J. Anderson designs the 44B ribbon bidirectional microphone and the 77B ribbon unidirectional for RCA.
RCA develops the first column loudspeaker array.
1939
Independently, engineers in Germany, Japan and the U.S. discover and develop AC biasing for magnetic recording.
Western Electric designs the first motional feedback, vertical-cut disk recording head.
Major Armstrong, the inventor of FM radio, makes the first experimental FM broadcast.
The first of many attempts is made to define a standard for the VU meter.
1940
Walt Disney’s “Fantasia” is released, with eight-track stereophonic sound.
1941
Commercial FM broadcasting begins in the U.S.
Arthur Haddy of English Decca devises the first motional feedback, lateral-cut disk recording head, later used to cut their “ffrr” high-fidelity recordings.
1942
The RCA LC-1 loudspeaker is developed as a reference-standard control-room monitor.
Dr. Olson patents a single-ribbon cardioid microphone (later developed as the RCA 77D and 77DX), and a “phased-array” directional microphone.
The first stereo tape recordings are made by Helmut Kruger at German Radio in Berlin.
1943
Altec develops their Model 604 coaxial loudspeaker.
1944
Alexander M. Poniatoff forms Ampex Corporation to make electric motors for the military.
1945
Two Magnetophon tape decks are sent back to the U.S. In pieces in multiple mailbags by Army Signal Corps Major John T. (Jack) Mullin.
1946
Webster-Chicago manufactures wire recorders for the home market.
Brush Development Corp. builds a semiprofessional tape recorder as its Model BK401 Soundmirror.
3M introduces Scotch No. 100, a black oxide paper tape.
Jack Mullin demonstrates “hi-fi” tape recording with his reconstructed Magnetophon at an Institute of Radio Engineers (IRE) meeting in San Francisco.
1947
Colonel Richard Ranger begins to manufacture his version of a Magnetophon.
Bing Crosby and his technical director, Murdo McKenzie, agree to audition tape recorders brought in by Jack Mullin and Richard Ranger. Mullin’s is preferred, and he is brought back to record Crosby’s Philco radio show.
Ampex produces its first tape recorder, the Model 200.
Major improvements are made in disk-cutting technology: the Presto 1D, Fairchild 542, and Cook feedback cutters.
The Williamson high-fidelity power amplifier circuit is published.
The first issue of Audio Engineering is published; its name is later shortened to Audio.
1948
The Audio Engineering Society (AES) is formed in New York City.
The microgroove 33-1/3 rpm long-play vinyl record (LP) is introduced by Columbia Records.
Scotch types 111 and 112 acetate-base tapes are introduced.
Magnecord introduces its PT-6, the first tape recorder in portable cases.
1949
RCA introduces the microgroove 45 rpm, large-hole, 7-inch record and record changer/adaptor.
Ampex introduces its Model 300 professional studio recorder.
Magnecord produces the first U.S.-made stereo tape recorder, employing half-track staggered-head assemblies.
A novel amplifier design is described by McIntosh and Gow.
1950
Guitarist Les Paul modifies his Ampex 300 with an extra preview head for “Sound-on-Sound” overdubs.
IBM develops a commercial magnetic drum memory.
1951
The “hot stylus” technique is introduced to disk recording.
An “Ultra-Linear” amplifier circuit is proposed by Hafler and Keroes.
Pultec introduces the first active program equalizer, the EQP-1.
The Germanium transistor is developed at Bell Laboratories.
1952
Peter J. Baxandall publishes his (much-copied) tone control circuit.
Emory Cook presses experimental dual-band left-right “binaural” disks.
1953
Ampex engineers a 4-track, 35 mm magnetic film system for 20th-Century Fox’s Christmas release of “The Robe” in CinemaScope with surround sound.
Ampex introduces the first high speed reel-to-reel duplicator as its Model 3200.
1954
EMT (Germany) introduces the electromechanical reverberation plate.
Sony produces the first pocket transistor radios.
Ampex produces its Model 600 portable tape recorder.
G. A. Briggs stages a live-versus-recorded demonstration in London’s Royal Festival Hall.
RCA introduces its polydirectional ribbon microphone, the 77DX.
Westrex introduces their Model 2B motional feedback lateral-cut disk recording head.
The first commercial 2-track stereo tapes are released.
1955
Ampex develops “Sel-Sync” (Selective Synchronous Recording), making audio overdubbing practical.
1956
Les Paul makes the first 8-track recordings using the “Sel-Sync” method.
The movie Forbidden Planet is released, with the first all-electronic film score, composed by Louis and Bebe Barron.
1957
Westrex demonstrates the first commercial “45/45” stereo cutter head.
1958
The first commercial stereo disk recordings appear.
Stefan Kudelski introduces the Nagra III battery-operated transistorized field tape recorder, which with its “Neo-Pilot” sync system becomes the de facto standard of the film industry.
1959
EMI fails to renew the Blumlein stereo patent. Hello – anybody home?
1961
3M introduces the first 2-track closed-loop capstan-drive recorder, the M-23.
The FCC decides the FM stereo broadcast format.
1962
The Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers (SMPTE) sets the standard for the time code format.
3M introduces Scotch 201/202 “Dynarange,” a black oxide low-noise mastering tape with a 4 dB improvement in s/n ratio over Scotch 111.
1963
Philips introduces the Compact Cassette tape format, and offers licenses worldwide.
Gerhard Sessler and James West, working at Bell Labs, patent the electret microphone.
The Beach Boys contract Sunn Electronics to build the first large full-range sound system for their rock music concert tour.
1965
The Dolby Type A noise reduction system is introduced.
Robert Moog shows elements of his early music “synthesizers.”
Eltro (Germany) makes a pitch/tempo shifter, using a rotating head assembly to sample a moving magnetic tape.
Herb Alpert and the Tijuana Brass tour with a Harry McCune Custom Sound System.
1967
Richard C. Heyser devises the “TDS” (Time Delay Spectrometry) acoustical measurement scheme, which paves the way for the revolutionary “TEF” (Time Energy Frequency) technology.
Altec-Lansing introduces “Acousta-Voicing,” a concept of room equalization utilizing variable multiband filters.
Elektra releases the first electronic music recording: Morton Subotnick’s Silver Apples of the Moon.
The Monterey International Pop Festival becomes the first large rock music festival.
The Broadway musical Hair opens with a high-powered sound system.
The first operational amplifiers are used in professional audio equipment, notably as summing devices for multichannel consoles.
1968
CBS releases “Switched-On Bach,” Walter (Wendy) Carlos’s polyphonic multitracking of Moog’s early music synthesizer.
1969
Dr. Thomas Stockham begins to experiment with digital tape recording.
Bill Hanley and Company designs and builds the sound system for the Woodstock Music Festival.
3M introduces Scotch 206 and 207 magnetic tape, with a s/n ratio 7 dB better than Scotch 111.
1970
The first digital delay line, the Lexicon Delta-T 101, is introduced and is widely used in sound reinforcement installations.
Ampex introduces 406 mastering tape.
1971
Denon demonstrates 18-bit PCM stereo recording using a helical-scan video recorder.
RMS and VCA circuit modules introduced by David Blackmer of dbx.
1972
Electro-Voice and CBS are licensed by Peter Scheiber to produce quadraphonic decoders using his patented matrixes.
1974
D. B. Keele pioneers the design of “constant-directivity” high-frequency horns.
The Grateful Dead produce the “Wall of Sound” at the San Francisco Cow Palace, incorporating separate systems for vocals, each of the guitars, piano and drums.
3M introduces Scotch 250 mastering tape with an increase in output level of over 10 dB compared to Scotch 111.
DuPont introduces chromium dioxide (CrO2) cassette tape.
1975
Digital tape recording begins to take hold in professional audio studios.
Michael Gerzon conceives of and Calrec (England) builds the “Soundfield Microphone,” a coincident 4-capsule cluster with matrixed “B-format” outputs and decoded steerable 2- and 4-channel discrete outputs.
EMT produces the first digital reverberation unit as its Model 250.
Ampex introduces 456 high-output mastering tape.
1976
Dr. Stockham of Soundstream makes the first 16-bit digital recording in the U.S. at the Santa Fe Opera.
1978
The first EIAJ standard for the use of 14-bit PCM adaptors with VCR decks is embodied in Sony’s PCM-1 consumer VCR adaptor.
A patent is issued to Blackmer for an adaptive filter (the basis of dbx Types I and II noise reduction).
3M introduces metal-particle cassette tape.
1980
3M, Mitsubishi, Sony and Studer each introduces a multitrack digital recorder.
EMT introduces its Model 450 hard-disk digital recorder.
Sony introduces a palm-sized stereo cassette tape player called a “Walkman.”
1981
Philips demonstrates the Compact Disc (CD).
MIDI is standardized as the universal synthesizer interface.
IBM introduces a 16-bit personal computer.
1982
Sony introduces the PCM-F1, intended for the consumer market, the first 14- and 16-bit digital adaptor for VCRs. It is eagerly snapped up by professionals, sparking the digital revolution in recording equipment.
Sony releases the first CD player, the Model CDP-101.
1983
Fiber-optic cable is used for long-distance digital audio transmission, linking New York and Washington, D.C.
1984
The Apple Corporation markets the Macintosh computer.
1985
Dolby introduces the “SR” Spectral Recording system.
1986
The first digital consoles appear.
R-DAT recorders are introduced in Japan.
Dr. Gunther Theile describes a novel stereo “sphere microphone.”
1987
Digidesign markets “Sound Tools,” a Macintosh-based digital workstation using DAT as its source and storage medium.
1990
ISDN telephone links are offered for high-end studio use.
Dolby proposes a 5-channel surround-sound scheme for home theater systems.
The write-once CD-R becomes a commercial reality.
3M introduces 996 mastering tape, a 13 dB improvement over Scotch 111.
1991
Wolfgang Ahnert presents, in a binaural simulation, the first digitally enhanced modeling of an acoustic space.
Alesis unveils the ADAT, the first “affordable” digital multitrack recorder.
Apple debuts the “QuickTime” multimedia format.
Ampex introduces 499 mastering tape.
1992
The Philips DCC and Sony’s MiniDisc, using digital audio data-reduction, are offered to consumers as record/play hardware and software.
The Nagra D is introduced as a self-contained battery-operated field recorder using Nagra’s own 4-channel 24-bit open-reel format.
1993
In the first extensive use of “distance recording” via ISDN, producer Phil Ramone records the “Duets” album with Frank Sinatra.
Mackie unveils the first “affordable” 8-bus analog console.
1994
Yamaha unveils the ProMix 01, the first “affordable” digital multitrack console.
1995
The first “solid-state” audio recorder, the Nagra ARES-C, is introduced. It is a battery-operated field unit recording on PCMCIA cards using MPEG-2 audio compression.
Iomega debuts high-capacity “Jaz” and “Zip” drives, useful as removable storage media for hard-disk recording.
1996
Record labels begin to add multimedia files to new releases, calling them “enhanced CDs.”
Experimental digital recordings are made at 24 bits and 96 kHz.
1997
DVD videodiscs and players are introduced. An audio version with 6-channel surround sound is expected to eventually supplant the CD as the chosen playback medium in the home.
1998
The Winter Olympics open with a performance of Beethoven’s “Ode to Joy,” played and sung by synchronizing live audio feeds from five continents with an orchestra and conductor at the Olympic stadium in Nagano, Japan, using satellite and ISDN technology.
Golden Anniversary celebration held in New York on March 11, the exact date of the first AES meeting in 1948, with ten of the original members present.
MP-3 players for downloaded Internet audio appear.
1999
Audio DVD Standard 1.0 agreed upon by manufacturers.
2012
ipod is going to be the one to take over
January 28, 2010 at 10:17 am
Abraham Montes period:1
1935
AEG (Germany) exhibits its “Magnetophon” Model K-1 at the Berlin Radio Exposition.
BASF prepares the first plastic-based magnetic tapes.
1936
BASF makes the first tape recording of a symphony concert during a visit by the touring London Philharmonic Orchestra. Sir Thomas Beecham conducts Mozart.
Von Braunmühl and Weber apply for a patent on the cardioid condenser microphone.
1938
Benjamin B. Bauer of Shure Bros. engineers a single microphone element to produce a cardioid pickup pattern, called the Unidyne, Model 55. This later becomes the basis for the well known SM57 and SM58 microphones.
Under the direction of Dr. Harry Olson, Leslie J. Anderson designs the 44B ribbon bidirectional microphone and the 77B ribbon unidirectional for RCA.
RCA develops the first column loudspeaker array.
1939
Independently, engineers in Germany, Japan and the U.S. discover and develop AC biasing for magnetic recording.
Western Electric designs the first motional feedback, vertical-cut disk recording head.
Major Armstrong, the inventor of FM radio, makes the first experimental FM broadcast.
The first of many attempts is made to define a standard for the VU meter.
1940
Walt Disney’s “Fantasia” is released, with eight-track stereophonic sound.
1941
Commercial FM broadcasting begins in the U.S.
Arthur Haddy of English Decca devises the first motional feedback, lateral-cut disk recording head, later used to cut their “ffrr” high-fidelity recordings.
1942
The RCA LC-1 loudspeaker is developed as a reference-standard control-room monitor.
Dr. Olson patents a single-ribbon cardioid microphone (later developed as the RCA 77D and 77DX), and a “phased-array” directional microphone.
The first stereo tape recordings are made by Helmut Kruger at German Radio in Berlin.
1943
Altec develops their Model 604 coaxial loudspeaker.
1944
Alexander M. Poniatoff forms Ampex Corporation to make electric motors for the military.
1945
Two Magnetophon tape decks are sent back to the U.S. In pieces in multiple mailbags by Army Signal Corps Major John T. (Jack) Mullin.
1946
Webster-Chicago manufactures wire recorders for the home market.
Brush Development Corp. builds a semiprofessional tape recorder as its Model BK401 Soundmirror.
3M introduces Scotch No. 100, a black oxide paper tape.
Jack Mullin demonstrates “hi-fi” tape recording with his reconstructed Magnetophon at an Institute of Radio Engineers (IRE) meeting in San Francisco.
1947
Colonel Richard Ranger begins to manufacture his version of a Magnetophon.
Bing Crosby and his technical director, Murdo McKenzie, agree to audition tape recorders brought in by Jack Mullin and Richard Ranger. Mullin’s is preferred, and he is brought back to record Crosby’s Philco radio show.
Ampex produces its first tape recorder, the Model 200.
Major improvements are made in disk-cutting technology: the Presto 1D, Fairchild 542, and Cook feedback cutters.
The Williamson high-fidelity power amplifier circuit is published.
The first issue of Audio Engineering is published; its name is later shortened to Audio.
1948
The Audio Engineering Society (AES) is formed in New York City.
The microgroove 33-1/3 rpm long-play vinyl record (LP) is introduced by Columbia Records.
Scotch types 111 and 112 acetate-base tapes are introduced.
Magnecord introduces its PT-6, the first tape recorder in portable cases.
1949
RCA introduces the microgroove 45 rpm, large-hole, 7-inch record and record changer/adaptor.
Ampex introduces its Model 300 professional studio recorder.
Magnecord produces the first U.S.-made stereo tape recorder, employing half-track staggered-head assemblies.
A novel amplifier design is described by McIntosh and Gow.
1950
Guitarist Les Paul modifies his Ampex 300 with an extra preview head for “Sound-on-Sound” overdubs.
IBM develops a commercial magnetic drum memory.
1951
The “hot stylus” technique is introduced to disk recording.
An “Ultra-Linear” amplifier circuit is proposed by Hafler and Keroes.
Pultec introduces the first active program equalizer, the EQP-1.
The Germanium transistor is developed at Bell Laboratories.
1952
Peter J. Baxandall publishes his (much-copied) tone control circuit.
Emory Cook presses experimental dual-band left-right “binaural” disks.
1953
Ampex engineers a 4-track, 35 mm magnetic film system for 20th-Century Fox’s Christmas release of “The Robe” in CinemaScope with surround sound.
Ampex introduces the first high speed reel-to-reel duplicator as its Model 3200.
1954
EMT (Germany) introduces the electromechanical reverberation plate.
Sony produces the first pocket transistor radios.
Ampex produces its Model 600 portable tape recorder.
G. A. Briggs stages a live-versus-recorded demonstration in London’s Royal Festival Hall.
RCA introduces its polydirectional ribbon microphone, the 77DX.
Westrex introduces their Model 2B motional feedback lateral-cut disk recording head.
The first commercial 2-track stereo tapes are released.
1955
Ampex develops “Sel-Sync” (Selective Synchronous Recording), making audio overdubbing practical.
1956
Les Paul makes the first 8-track recordings using the “Sel-Sync” method.
The movie Forbidden Planet is released, with the first all-electronic film score, composed by Louis and Bebe Barron.
1957
Westrex demonstrates the first commercial “45/45” stereo cutter head.
1958
The first commercial stereo disk recordings appear.
Stefan Kudelski introduces the Nagra III battery-operated transistorized field tape recorder, which with its “Neo-Pilot” sync system becomes the de facto standard of the film industry.
1959
EMI fails to renew the Blumlein stereo patent. Hello – anybody home?
1961
3M introduces the first 2-track closed-loop capstan-drive recorder, the M-23.
The FCC decides the FM stereo broadcast format.
1962
The Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers (SMPTE) sets the standard for the time code format.
3M introduces Scotch 201/202 “Dynarange,” a black oxide low-noise mastering tape with a 4 dB improvement in s/n ratio over Scotch 111.
1963
Philips introduces the Compact Cassette tape format, and offers licenses worldwide.
Gerhard Sessler and James West, working at Bell Labs, patent the electret microphone.
The Beach Boys contract Sunn Electronics to build the first large full-range sound system for their rock music concert tour.
1965
The Dolby Type A noise reduction system is introduced.
Robert Moog shows elements of his early music “synthesizers.”
Eltro (Germany) makes a pitch/tempo shifter, using a rotating head assembly to sample a moving magnetic tape.
Herb Alpert and the Tijuana Brass tour with a Harry McCune Custom Sound System.
1967
Richard C. Heyser devises the “TDS” (Time Delay Spectrometry) acoustical measurement scheme, which paves the way for the revolutionary “TEF” (Time Energy Frequency) technology.
Altec-Lansing introduces “Acousta-Voicing,” a concept of room equalization utilizing variable multiband filters.
Elektra releases the first electronic music recording: Morton Subotnick’s Silver Apples of the Moon.
The Monterey International Pop Festival becomes the first large rock music festival.
The Broadway musical Hair opens with a high-powered sound system.
The first operational amplifiers are used in professional audio equipment, notably as summing devices for multichannel consoles.
1968
CBS releases “Switched-On Bach,” Walter (Wendy) Carlos’s polyphonic multitracking of Moog’s early music synthesizer.
1969
Dr. Thomas Stockham begins to experiment with digital tape recording.
Bill Hanley and Company designs and builds the sound system for the Woodstock Music Festival.
3M introduces Scotch 206 and 207 magnetic tape, with a s/n ratio 7 dB better than Scotch 111.
1970
The first digital delay line, the Lexicon Delta-T 101, is introduced and is widely used in sound reinforcement installations.
Ampex introduces 406 mastering tape.
1971
Denon demonstrates 18-bit PCM stereo recording using a helical-scan video recorder.
RMS and VCA circuit modules introduced by David Blackmer of dbx.
1972
Electro-Voice and CBS are licensed by Peter Scheiber to produce quadraphonic decoders using his patented matrixes.
1974
D. B. Keele pioneers the design of “constant-directivity” high-frequency horns.
The Grateful Dead produce the “Wall of Sound” at the San Francisco Cow Palace, incorporating separate systems for vocals, each of the guitars, piano and drums.
3M introduces Scotch 250 mastering tape with an increase in output level of over 10 dB compared to Scotch 111.
DuPont introduces chromium dioxide (CrO2) cassette tape.
1975
Digital tape recording begins to take hold in professional audio studios.
Michael Gerzon conceives of and Calrec (England) builds the “Soundfield Microphone,” a coincident 4-capsule cluster with matrixed “B-format” outputs and decoded steerable 2- and 4-channel discrete outputs.
EMT produces the first digital reverberation unit as its Model 250.
Ampex introduces 456 high-output mastering tape.
1976
Dr. Stockham of Soundstream makes the first 16-bit digital recording in the U.S. at the Santa Fe Opera.
1978
The first EIAJ standard for the use of 14-bit PCM adaptors with VCR decks is embodied in Sony’s PCM-1 consumer VCR adaptor.
A patent is issued to Blackmer for an adaptive filter (the basis of dbx Types I and II noise reduction).
3M introduces metal-particle cassette tape.
1980
3M, Mitsubishi, Sony and Studer each introduces a multitrack digital recorder.
EMT introduces its Model 450 hard-disk digital recorder.
Sony introduces a palm-sized stereo cassette tape player called a “Walkman.”
1981
Philips demonstrates the Compact Disc (CD).
MIDI is standardized as the universal synthesizer interface.
IBM introduces a 16-bit personal computer.
1982
Sony introduces the PCM-F1, intended for the consumer market, the first 14- and 16-bit digital adaptor for VCRs. It is eagerly snapped up by professionals, sparking the digital revolution in recording equipment.
Sony releases the first CD player, the Model CDP-101.
1983
Fiber-optic cable is used for long-distance digital audio transmission, linking New York and Washington, D.C.
1984
The Apple Corporation markets the Macintosh computer.
1985
Dolby introduces the “SR” Spectral Recording system.
1986
The first digital consoles appear.
R-DAT recorders are introduced in Japan.
Dr. Gunther Theile describes a novel stereo “sphere microphone.”
1987
Digidesign markets “Sound Tools,” a Macintosh-based digital workstation using DAT as its source and storage medium.
1990
ISDN telephone links are offered for high-end studio use.
Dolby proposes a 5-channel surround-sound scheme for home theater systems.
The write-once CD-R becomes a commercial reality.
3M introduces 996 mastering tape, a 13 dB improvement over Scotch 111.
1991
Wolfgang Ahnert presents, in a binaural simulation, the first digitally enhanced modeling of an acoustic space.
Alesis unveils the ADAT, the first “affordable” digital multitrack recorder.
Apple debuts the “QuickTime” multimedia format.
Ampex introduces 499 mastering tape.
1992
The Philips DCC and Sony’s MiniDisc, using digital audio data-reduction, are offered to consumers as record/play hardware and software.
The Nagra D is introduced as a self-contained battery-operated field recorder using Nagra’s own 4-channel 24-bit open-reel format.
1993
In the first extensive use of “distance recording” via ISDN, producer Phil Ramone records the “Duets” album with Frank Sinatra.
Mackie unveils the first “affordable” 8-bus analog console.
1994
Yamaha unveils the ProMix 01, the first “affordable” digital multitrack console.
1995
The first “solid-state” audio recorder, the Nagra ARES-C, is introduced. It is a battery-operated field unit recording on PCMCIA cards using MPEG-2 audio compression.
Iomega debuts high-capacity “Jaz” and “Zip” drives, useful as removable storage media for hard-disk recording.
1996
Record labels begin to add multimedia files to new releases, calling them “enhanced CDs.”
Experimental digital recordings are made at 24 bits and 96 kHz.
1997
DVD videodiscs and players are introduced. An audio version with 6-channel surround sound is expected to eventually supplant the CD as the chosen playback medium in the home.
1998
The Winter Olympics open with a performance of Beethoven’s “Ode to Joy,” played and sung by synchronizing live audio feeds from five continents with an orchestra and conductor at the Olympic stadium in Nagano, Japan, using satellite and ISDN technology.
Golden Anniversary celebration held in New York on March 11, the exact date of the first AES meeting in 1948, with ten of the original members present.
MP-3 players for downloaded Internet audio appear.
1999
Audio DVD Standard 1.0 agreed upon by manufacturers.
2011
The mp3 will be replaced by the I-DJ a portable DJ the you can have in your pocket.The I-DJ is more efficient than the regular DJ.
January 28, 2010 at 10:17 am
angel m.
1877
Thomas Alva Edison, working in his lab, succeeds in recovering Mary’s Little Lamb from a strip of tinfoil wrapped around a spinning cylinder.
1878
The first music is put on record: cornetist Jules Levy plays “Yankee Doodle.”
1888
Edison introduces an electric motor-driven phonograph.
1895
Marconi achieves wireless radio transmission from Italy to America.
1901
The Victor Talking Machine Company is founded by Emile Berliner and Eldridge Johnson.
Experimental optical recordings are made on motion picture film.
1913
The first “talking movie” is demonstrated by Edison using his Kinetophone process, a cylinder player mechanically synchronized to a film projector.
1919
The Radio Corporation of America (RCA) is founded. It is owned in part by United Fruit
1925
The first electrically recorded 78 rpm disks appear.
1928
Dr. Georg Neumann founds a company in Germany to manufacture his condenser microphones. Its first product is the Model CMV 3.
1929
The “Blattnerphone” is developed for use as a magnetic recorder using steel tape.
1932
The first cardioid ribbon microphone is patented by Dr. Harry F. Olson of RCA
1939
Independently, engineers in Germany, Japan and the U.S. discover and develop AC biasing for magnetic recording.
1942
The first stereo tape recordings are made by Helmut Kruger at German Radio in Berlin.
1946
3M introduces Scotch No. 100, a black oxide paper tape.
1948
The Audio Engineering Society (AES) is formed in New York City.
1953
Ampex introduces the first high speed reel-to-reel duplicator as its Model 3200.
1954
Sony produces the first pocket transistor radios./RCA introduces its polydirectional ribbon microphone, the 77DX./The first commercial 2-track stereo tapes are released.
1958
The first commercial stereo disk recordings appear.
1967
The first operational amplifiers are used in professional audio equipment, notably as summing devices for multichannel consoles.
1970
The first digital delay line, the Lexicon Delta-T 101,
1975
Digital tape recording begins to take hold in professional audio studios.
1978
3M introduces metal-particle cassette tape.
1984
The Apple Corporation markets the Macintosh computer.
1986
The first digital consoles appear.
1990
The write-once CD-R becomes a commercial reality.
3M introduces 996 mastering tape, a 13 dB improvement over Scotch 111.
1994
Yamaha unveils the ProMix 01, the first “affordable” digital multitrack console.
1997
DVD videodiscs and players are introduced.
1998
MP-3 players for downloaded Internet audio appear.
1999
Audio DVD Standard 1.0 agreed upon by manufacturers.
2001
apple ipod
2010
the ipad is introduced, replacing almost everything
future
we might not need any devices, perhaps, babies are going to be born with some high-tech mini-micro chips that will help with everything. replacing everything. we might just die. i dont know….
January 28, 2010 at 10:19 am
Rocio Lua per1
1877
Thomas Alva Edison, working in his lab, succeeds in recovering Mary’s Little Lamb from a strip of tinfoil wrapped around a spinning cylinder.
1878
The first music is put on record: cornetist Jules Levy plays “Yankee Doodle.”
1887
Emile Berliner is granted a patent on a flat-disc gramophone, making the production of multiple copies practical.
1888
Edison introduces an electric motor-driven phonograph.
1895
Marconi achieves wireless radio transmission from Italy to America.
1906
Lee DeForest invents the triode vacuum tube, the first electronic signal amplifier.
1913
The first “talking movie” is demonstrated by Edison using his Kinetophone process, a cylinder player mechanically synchronized to a film projector.
1929
The “Blattnerphone” is developed for use as a magnetic recorder using steel tape.
1930
Wire Recorders
1933
Magnetic recording on steel wire is developed commercially.
1940
Walt Disney’s “Fantasia” is released, with eight-track stereophonic sound
1951 Minifon P55-Recorder
1989
1982
Sony releases the first CD player, the Model CDP-101.
MP3
1994
Yamaha unveils the ProMix 01, the first “affordable” digital multitrack console
1997
DVD videodiscs and players are introduced
1998
MP-3 players for downloaded Internet audio appear
1999
Audio DVD Standard 1.0 agreed upon by manufacturers.
2001 Apple iPod
2010
ipad is introduced
I think that our whole world will be taken over high-tech and that our lives will be so much easier not much fun. everyone will be FAT due to laziness
January 28, 2010 at 10:20 am
Vanessa Mora
1877
Thomas Alva Edison, succeeds in recovering Mary’s Little Lamb from a strip of tinfoil wrapped around a spinning cylinder.
The phonograph is constructed.
1878
First music on record: cornetist Jules Levy plays “Yankee Doodle.”
1895
Marconi achieves wireless radio transmission from Italy to America.
1898
Valdemar Poulsen patents his “Telegraphone,” recording magnetically on steel wire.
1901
The Victor Talking Machine Company is founded by Emile Berliner and Eldridge Johnson.
Experimental optical recordings are made on motion picture film.
1913
The first “talking movie” is demonstrated by Edison using his Kinetophone process, a cylinder player mechanically synchronized to a film projector
1919
The Radio Corporation of America (RCA) is founded. It is owned in part by United Fruit.
1927
“The Jazz Singer” is released as the first commercial talking picture.
1933
Magnetic recording on steel wire is developed commercially.
Snow, Fletcher, and Steinberg at Bell Labs transmit the first inter-city stereo audio program.
1940
Walt Disney’s “Fantasia” is released, with eight-track stereophonic sound.
1948
The Audio Engineering Society (AES) is formed in New York City.
The microgroove 33-1/3 rpm long-play vinyl record (LP) is introduced by Columbia Records.
Scotch types 111 and 112 acetate-base tapes are introduced.
Magnecord introduces its PT-6, the first tape recorder in portable cases.
1953
Ampex engineers a 4-track, 35 mm magnetic film system for 20th-Century Fox’s Christmas release of “The Robe” in CinemaScope with surround sound.
Ampex introduces the first high speed reel-to-reel duplicator as its Model 3200.
1955
Ampex develops “Sel-Sync” (Selective Synchronous Recording), making audio overdubbing practical.
1963
Philips introduces the Compact Cassette tape format, and offers licenses worldwide.
Gerhard Sessler and James West, working at Bell Labs, patent the electret microphone.
The Beach Boys contract Sunn Electronics to build the first large full-range sound system for their rock music concert tour.
1978
The first EIAJ standard for the use of 14-bit PCM adaptors with VCR decks is embodied in Sony’s PCM-1 consumer VCR adaptor.
A patent is issued to Blackmer for an adaptive filter (the basis of dbx Types I and II noise reduction).
3M introduces metal-particle cassette tape.
1981
Philips demonstrates the Compact Disc (CD).
IBM introduces a 16-bit personal computer.
1999
Audio DVD Standard 1.0 agreed upon by manufacturers.
2035
The first “foldable” mp3, with invisibility powers.
January 28, 2010 at 10:20 am
Nancy Ruiz
On December 4, 1877 Thomas Edison became the first person to ever record and play back the human voice.
Ediphone – Dictaphone (1878) – (1916)
The Gramophone (1888)
Tube Testers- 1960s
Wire Recorders (1930)
Minifon P55 (1951)
Soundscriber (1945)
Dictabelt (1947)
Sonaband – Walkie RecordAll (1957)
Dictaphone Dictet (1957)
1921
The first commercial AM radio broadcast is made by KDKA, Pittsburgh PA.
January 28, 2010 at 10:20 am
maritza saldana
2011 i-command
you can play any music
open doors, watch tv, etc. with
the sound of yoour voice.
January 28, 2010 at 10:27 am
Yesenia Castellanos
1940’s- pedro infante
1950’s- antonio aguilar
1960’s- vicente fernandez
1970’s- los tigres del norte
1980’s- chalino sanchez
1990’s- los morros del norte, los inquietos del norte,tigrerillo palma,los canelos de durango
2000’s- la nueva rebellion ,los nuevos rebeldes,colmillo norteno,el komander , los buitres de culiacan sinaloa.
January 28, 2010 at 10:38 am
crystian maldonado p.1
1881 – Charles Tainter at the Volta Lab made the first lateral-cut records, but without any practical machine to play them
1887 – A third type of phonograph was invented by Emile Berliner; he was granted patent 372,786 for a “Gramophone” using a non-wax disc photo-engraved with a lateral-cut groove; see pictures of the three rival phonographs.
1897 – shellac discs replaced vulcanite, but the typical heavy steel stylus tracking at 9 oz. caused heavy wear; with the introduction of low-cost talking machines such as the Columbia Eagle graphophone and the Edison Gem cylinder and the Berliner improved gramophone, strong growth in sales began of commercial cylinders and discs, mostly classical and Tin Pan Alley songs
1903 – Eldridge Johnson began to sell the Victor IV phonograph, the first model equipped with his tapered tone arm, patent 814,786 filed Feb. 12
1907 – The Dictaphone Corporation was organized when the Columbia Graphophone Co. sold its business machine division
1910 – John McCormack signed his recording contract with the Victor Co. that would result in hundreds of recordings made over the next 20 years.
1914 – ASCAP founded to enforce 1909 Copyright Act.
1918 – Poulsen’s 1898 Denmark patent expired; Germany developed improvements to the wire telegraphone; see picture.
1929 – Paul Whiteman’s Old Gold Special was the first national big band promotional road show
1928 – Georg Neumann started his microphone company in Berlin and began production of the CMV3 “Neumann Bottle” condenser microphone.
1931 – Empire State Building opened May 31 in New York City with music piped into its elevators, lobbies, observatories.
1934 – Signal Corps General George Squier founded Muzak to sell recorded music to homes in Cleveland for $1.50 per month on 3 channels.
1944 – 3M Co. (Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing) began tape coating experiments in U.S. under Ralph J.
1948 – 1st U.S.-made Ampex Model 200 tape recorders arrived for Crosby show #27 along with 3M Scotch 111 gamma ferric oxide coated acetate tape
1949 – Todd Storz of Omaha’s KOWH created Top 40 after observing customers in a bar play the same juke box selection over and over.
1955 – Sam Phillips on Nov. 10 sold his recording contract with Elvis to RCA and Colonel Tom Parker for $35,000.
1962 – Henry Kloss introduced the KLH Model 11 portable stereo, the first transistorized record player, with the changer/amplifier and two speakers folding into a three-piece suitcase. Kloss had left his previous partner Edgar Villchur at Acoustic Research and founded KLH in 1957 with Malcolm Low and J. Anton Hofmann
1966 – U.S. cars equipped with 8-track stereo cartridge tape players developed by William Lear (who founded the Learjet aviation company in 1962), Ampex, and RCA.
2000 – Disney released on Jan. 1 Fantasia/2000 in the IMAX film format with 6-channel digital sound
2002 – Annual world production of DVD-Video discs surpassed VHS cassettes, according to IRMA industry statistics: DVD increased from 1.08 billion in 2001 to 1.74 billion in 2002; VHS declined from 1.533 billion in 2001 to 1.33 billion in 2002.
2004 – The first HD car radio was sold Jan. 5 in Cedar Rapids, Iowa, according to the iBiquity Digital Corp. press release, “the biggest revolution in radio since the advent of FM broadcasting more than fifty years ago.”
2005 – Apple introduced on Jan. 11 the iPod Shuffle solid-state music player.
2015- the first cars with hd tv and radio.
i think it is going will go fair to 2012 and still do ipod and apple.
January 28, 2010 at 10:45 am
vanessa
1877
Thomas Alva Edison, working in his lab, succeeds in recovering Mary’s Little Lamb from a strip of tinfoil wrapped around a spinning cylinder. The phonograph was made.
1887
Emile Berliner is granted a patent on a flat-disc gramophone, making the production of multiple copies practical.
1888
Edison introduces an electric motor-driven phonograph.
1895
Marconi achieves wireless radio transmission from Italy to America.
1925
Bell Labs develops a moving armature lateral cutting system for electrical recording on disk. Concurrently they Introduce the Victor Orthophonic Victrola, “Credenza” model. This all-acoustic player — with no electronics — is considered a leap forward in phonograph design.
The first electrically recorded 78 rpm disks appear.
1926
O’Neill patents iron oxide-coated paper tape.
1932
The first cardioid ribbon microphone is patented by Dr. Harry F. Olson of RCA, using a field coil instead of a permanent magnet.
1949
RCA introduces the microgroove 45 rpm, large-hole, 7-inch record and record changer/adaptor. Ampex introduces its Model 300 professional studio recorder.
RCA works on the development of ribbon microphones.
1953
Ampex engineers a 4-track, 35 mm magnetic film system for 20th-Century Fox’s Christmas release of “The Robe” in CinemaScope with surround sound.
1954
EMT (Germany) introduces the electromechanical reverberation plate.
Sony produces the first pocket transistor radios.
Ampex produces its Model 600 portable tape recorder.
G. A. Briggs stages a live-versus-recorded demonstration in London’s Royal Festival Hall.
RCA introduces its polydirectional ribbon microphone, the 77DX.
Westrex introduces their Model 2B motional feedback lateral-cut disk recording head.
The first commercial 2-track stereo tapes are released.
1956
Les Paul makes the first 8-track recordings using the “Sel-Sync” method.
The movie Forbidden Planet is released, with the first all-electronic film score, composed by Louis and Bebe Barron.
1970
The first digital delay line, the Lexicon Delta-T 101, is introduced and is widely used in sound reinforcement installations.
Ampex introduces 406 mastering tape.
1972
Electro-Voice and CBS are licensed by Peter Scheiber to produce quadraphonic decoders using his patented matrixes.
1975
Digital tape recording begins to take hold in professional audio studios.
1978
3M introduces metal-particle cassette tape.
1981
Philips demonstrates the Compact Disc (CD).
1986
The first digital consoles appear.
R-DAT recorders are introduced in Japan.
Dr. Gunther Theile describes a novel stereo “sphere microphone.”
1994
Yamaha unveils the ProMix 01, the first “affordable” digital multitrack console.
1997
DVD videodiscs and players are introduced. An audio version with 6-channel surround sound is expected to eventually supplant the CD as the chosen playback medium in the home.
1998
MP-3 players for downloaded Internet audio appear.
1999
Audio DVD Standard 1.0 agreed upon by manufacturers.
January 28, 2010 at 10:46 am
Sergio
1877
Thomas Alva Edison, working in his lab, succeeds in recovering Mary’s Little Lamb from a strip of tinfoil wrapped around a spinning cylinder. The phonograph was made.
1887
Emile Berliner is granted a patent on a flat-disc gramophone, making the production of multiple copies practical.
1888
Edison introduces an electric motor-driven phonograph.
1895
Marconi achieves wireless radio transmission from Italy to America.
1925
Bell Labs develops a moving armature lateral cutting system for electrical recording on disk. Concurrently they Introduce the Victor Orthophonic Victrola, “Credenza” model. This all-acoustic player — with no electronics — is considered a leap forward in phonograph design.
The first electrically recorded 78 rpm disks appear.
1926
O’Neill patents iron oxide-coated paper tape.
1932
The first cardioid ribbon microphone is patented by Dr. Harry F. Olson of RCA, using a field coil instead of a permanent magnet.
1949
RCA introduces the microgroove 45 rpm, large-hole, 7-inch record and record changer/adaptor. Ampex introduces its Model 300 professional studio recorder.
RCA works on the development of ribbon microphones.
1953
Ampex engineers a 4-track, 35 mm magnetic film system for 20th-Century Fox’s Christmas release of “The Robe” in CinemaScope with surround sound.
1954
EMT (Germany) introduces the electromechanical reverberation plate.
Sony produces the first pocket transistor radios.
Ampex produces its Model 600 portable tape recorder.
G. A. Briggs stages a live-versus-recorded demonstration in London’s Royal Festival Hall.
RCA introduces its polydirectional ribbon microphone, the 77DX.
Westrex introduces their Model 2B motional feedback lateral-cut disk recording head.
The first commercial 2-track stereo tapes are released.
1956
Les Paul makes the first 8-track recordings using the “Sel-Sync” method.
The movie Forbidden Planet is released, with the first all-electronic film score, composed by Louis and Bebe Barron.
1970
The first digital delay line, the Lexicon Delta-T 101, is introduced and is widely used in sound reinforcement installations.
Ampex introduces 406 mastering tape.
1972
Electro-Voice and CBS are licensed by Peter Scheiber to produce quadraphonic decoders using his patented matrixes.
1975
Digital tape recording begins to take hold in professional audio studios.
1978
3M introduces metal-particle cassette tape.
1981
Philips demonstrates the Compact Disc (CD).
1986
The first digital consoles appear.
R-DAT recorders are introduced in Japan.
Dr. Gunther Theile describes a novel stereo “sphere microphone.”
1994
Yamaha unveils the ProMix 01, the first “affordable” digital multitrack console.
1997
DVD videodiscs and players are introduced. An audio version with 6-channel surround sound is expected to eventually supplant the CD as the chosen playback medium in the home.
1998
MP-3 players for downloaded Internet audio appear.
1999
Audio DVD Standard 1.0 agreed upon by manufacturers.
January 28, 2010 at 10:53 am
allan1
1898-Valdemar Poulsen patents his “Telegraphone,” recording magnetically on steel wire.
1926- O’Neill patents iron oxide-coated paper tape
1968- CBS releases “Switched-On Bach,” Walter (Wendy) Carlos’s polyphonic multitracking of Moog’s early music synthesizer.
1877 – Edison made the first recording of a human voice (“Mary had a little lamb”) on the first tinfoil cylinder phonograph
1887 – Edison filed an application Nov. 26 for patent 386,974 on an improved phonograph using a battery-powered electrical motor and wax cylinders, but neither he nor the graphophone inventors were able to mass-produce copies.
1890 – The first “juke box” was the coin-operated cylinder phonograph with 4 listening tubes.
1894 – in December, Guglielmo Marconi made radio history when at the age of 20 he invented his spark transmitter with antenna at his home in Bologna, Italy.
1956 – The Chrysler Imperial 16-2/3 rpm record player with 7-inch ultramicrogroove records developed by Peter Goldmark.
1996 – DVD players started selling in Japan, and began in 1997 selling in the U.S.
2001 – Apple Computer introduced on Oct. 23 the iPod portable music player.
2004 – The first HD car radio was sold Jan. 5 in Cedar Rapids, Iowa, according to the iBiquity Digital Corp. press release, “the biggest revolution in radio since the advent of FM broadcasting more than fifty years ago.”
2005 – Apple introduced on Jan. 11 the iPod Shuffle solid-state music player.
2007- The first generation iPod touch was released.
I think that they are gonna make something different but maybe in a couple more years, because i pods are taking over no w a days. Cant wait to see what will be out in stores later on.
January 28, 2010 at 11:00 am
edgar
1940 – Regular FM Radio broadcasting begins in New York City.
1941 – The National Television Standards Committee adopts the “NTSC standard” of
525 interlaced horizontal scan lines for all U.S. commercial television broadcasts
1942 – James Petrillo’s American Federation of Musicians (AF of M) Union begins a
“recording ban” from Aug., 1942 – Nov., 1944 to force record companies to pay royalties,
1945 – The American Broadcasting Network officially begins on June 14 — when it takes over
the NBC Radio “Blue” Network.
1946 – Captured German magnetic tape recorders brought to the United States which are copied
for commercial use by A. M. Polikoff who founds AMPEX (he added “EX” for excellence.)
1947 – The FCC approves regularly-scheduled commercial television broadcasting, following
the wartime “interruption”, on seven East Coast television stations.
1948 – The first cable TV systems appear (called Community Antenna TeleVision systems,
or CATV)
1949 – RCA Victor responds to the LP by developing large-hole 45 rpm phonograph records;
1950 – RCA finally gave in to market pressures and began producing 33 1/3 microgroove (1-mil)
LPs to compete with Columbia and others.
1951 – CBS television broadcast the first color TV program to five cities on June 25th; the CBS
color system was not compatible with black & white signals as was the RCA system
developed for NBC,
1952 – Coast-to-coast network TV is a reality via telephone company coaxial cables.
1953 – RCA proposes to the RIAA (Recording Industry Association of America) that it
adopt RCA’s “New Orthophonic” recording characteristic as its standard to define
equalization crossover points and rolloff characteristics for records.
1954 – The First “transistor radio” went on sale in the U.S. named The Regency TR-1
(it had 4 transistors and cost $49.99.)
1955 – Larger 12″ LP’s overtake 10″ LP’s as the preferred size for long-playing records.
1956 – Ampex Co. of Redwood City, CA demonstrates the first videotape system in February
1956 – The “NBC Peacock” logo (symbol of compatible “Living Color”) debuts in July
1957 – Compatible Stereo disks and record players are offered for sale (33 1/3 and 45rpm.)
1960 – Sony introduces the first “solid-state” TV set, using transistors instead of vacuum tubes.
1961 – FM Stereo radio broadcasting begins and FM slowly starts to gain respect.
1962 – Multitrack analog tape recording starts being used in recording studios.
1963 – Compact stereo tape cassettes and players are developed by Phillips.
1963 – Ivan Sutherland does his M.I.T. Doctoral Thesis on Interactive Computer Graphics
creating a “Sketchpad” program using an interactive light pen instead of a mouse
1964 – The 8-track stereo tape cartridge is developed for automobile use by Lear
1964 – A T & T introduces the PicturePhone at the Worlds’ Fair, but it doesn’t catch on
1966 – The “Dolby-A” professional noise reduction system is used in some recording studios
1968 – The “Dolby-B” noise reduction system is introduced for consumer reel-to-reel and
cassette tape recorders.
1969 – The FCC requires cable TV systems with more than 3500 subscribers to include
locally-originated programming
1971 – The first ARPANET (later Internet) EMail program called “SNDMSG” — short for
“Send Message”
1971 – Gloria Gaynor records “Never Can Say Goodbye” — the first disco record on US radio
1972 – Atari of Santa Clara, CA develops “Pong” — the first electronic computer arcade game.
1972 – New Mexico calculator company MIPS introduces the first “micro-computer”, the Altair,
which is sold as a kit you put together.
1973 – Martin Cooper of Motorola conceived the first cellular phone system, and led the
10-year process of bringing it to market.
1974 – The first all solid-state video cameras are introduced using Bell Labs “CCD”
(charge-coupled device) instead of an Image Orthicon or Plumbicon camera tube
1975 – NBC’s weekend radio format MONITOR is cancelled after nearly 20 years —
It’s final broadcast airs on Sunday, January 26th.
1976 – Garrett Brown invents the gyroscopic Steadicam, a motion picture camera stabilizer
mount, worn by the cameraman himself, first used in the movie “Rocky.”
1979 – The Sugarhill Gang’s “Rapper’s Delight”, is the first hip-hop record to reach Top 40 radio.
1981 – The MTV Music TV Cable Network debuts on the air at Midnight, August 1st.
1982 – The digital Compact Disc (CD) is introduced by a Japanese conglomerate.
1982 – The first CD released (in Japan) is Billy Joel’s “52nd Street” (October, 1982.)
1983 – The first CD titles are released in the US in June (12 CBS, 15 Telarc, 30 Denon.)
1983 – In November, U.S. computing student Fred Cohen created the very first computer
virus — as a research project.
1984 – The (128K) Apple Macintosh personal computer debuts with a Graphical User Interface
advertised as “the computer for the rest of us”, expected sales of 50,000 the first month
at $2495
1985 – Adoption of the CD starts taking a huge bite out of LP sales, causing them to drop 25%.
1986 – The Recording Industry Association of America (the RIAA) announces on June 19 that
CDs have overtaken LP sales in the U.S.
1988 – The CD overtakes LP sales worldwide; CD-ROMs are developed as a computer medium
able to store around 750 MegaBytes per disc.
1988 – CEDAR Audio Ltd. of Cambridge, England develops a Noise Reduction system to fix
clicks, pops and crackle from old records re-mastered for release on CD’s.
1990 – Phillips introduces a digital audio tape recorder (DAT) using a digital casette.
1991 – The Moving Picture Experts Group MPEG-1 Audio Layer III (MP3) compressed audio
file format becomes an international standard
1994 – Personal computers outsell TV sets for the first time in the United States.
1995 – The online auction community eBay starts out as “AuctionWeb.com”, programmed
by General Magic engineer Pierre Omidyar who started it as a hobby project.
1996 – The DVD (Digital Versatile Disc) increases capacity of digital storage of audio and video
on a CD (Compact Disc) medium
1997 – The world falls in love with everything Internet, and there is talk of a “New Economy”
where the old rules don’t apply.
1998 – The Internet Web site “ClassicThemes.com” debuts on January 26th, 1998; Founded
by former Radio/TV composer/producer and Macromedia software engineer David Shields
1999 – Broadband Internet service providers begin to be offered to consumers faster Web page
downloads and smoother and faster streaming media.
2000 – Internet music-swapping site “Napster” is created, and alarms the recording industry
which mounts a massive campaign to shut it down despite First Amendment concerns.
2001 – Napster is forced to “filter out” content due to RIAA lawsuit; hints at fees to come
other free peer-to-peer software including Gnutella are developed to take Napster’s place
2002 – The F.C.C. (U.S. Federal Communications Commision) requires all new U.S.
television TV sets to include digital receivers in order to help the transition to digital
transmission by February 17, 2009.
2003 – Apple Computer introduces a downloadable music service via its iTunes music application,
which proved that people would pay 99-cents-per-tune to download music legally in the
wake of peer-to-peer free (but illegal) file swapping
2005 – Retailers Wal-Mart, Target, Best Buy and Circuit City announce they will stop selling
VHS Video Cassette tapes since DVD’s
2006 – January 27 – Western Union stopped delivering telegrams as of this date —
ending a service in the United States that it began in 1851
2007
Oct 1, 2007 – Notable new features include multiple-camera editing, audio mixing with surround-sound support, and the ability to encode for Blu-ray discs.
2008 slotMusic 320kb/s MP3 on microSD or microSDHC
2010 the new “i pad” came out and is a small computer with a touch screen.
2011 the new cars that don’t need gas they run with the solar energy, and keep energy for all night long.
January 28, 2010 at 11:54 am
Eduardo Valenzuela 66 & laura Montoya
3500 BC to 2900 BC: The Phoenicians develop an alphabet.
1775 BC Greeks use a phonetic alphabet written from left to right.
900 BC The very first postal service – for government use in China.
200 BC to 100 BC:Human messengers on foot or horseback common in Egypt and China with messenger relay stations built.
Sometimes fire messages used from relay station to station instead of humans.
1814:joseph Nicéphore Niépce achieves the first photographic image.
1821:Charles Wheatstone reproduces sound in a primitive sound box – the first microphone.
1831 Joseph Henry invents the first electric telegraph.
1835 Samuel Morse invents Morse code.
1867 American, Sholes the first successful and modern typewriter.
1877 Thomas Edison patents the phonograph – with a wax cylinder as recording medium.
Eadweard Muybridge invents high speed photography – creating first moving pictures that captured motion.
1902 Guglielmo Marconi transmits radio signals from Cornwall to Newfoundland – the first radio signal across the Atlantic Ocean.
1914 First cross continental telephone call made.
Computers like Harvard’s Mark I put into public service – government owned – the age of Information Science begins.
1951 Computers are first sold commercially.
1963 Zip codes invented in the United States.
Xerox invents the Telecopier – the first successful fax machine.
1969 ARPANET – the first Internet started.
1979 First cellular phone communication network started in Japan..
1981 IBM PC first sold.
First laptop computers sold to public.
Computer mouse becomes regular part of computer.
1985 Cellular telephones in cars become wide-spread.
CD-ROMs in computers.
1994 American government releases control of internet and WWW is born – making communication at lightspeed.
…….
i really don’t know how communication can improve more.
January 28, 2010 at 11:54 am
Leticia Vargas
car timeline
1990
California passes its Zero Emission Vehicle (ZEV) Mandate, which requires two percent of the state’s vehicles to have no emissions by 1998 and 10 percent by 2003.
1997
Toyota unveils the Prius — the world’s first commercially mass-produced and marketed hybrid car — in Japan. Nearly 18,000 units are sold during the first production year.
1997 – 2000
A few thousand all-electric cars (such as Honda’s EV Plus, G.M.’s EV1, Ford’s Ranger pickup EV, Nissan’s Altra EV, Chevy’s S-10 EV, and Toyota’s RAV4 EV) are produced by big car manufacturers, but most of them are available for lease only.
2002
G.M. and DaimlerChrysler sue the California Air Resources Board (CARB) to repeal the ZEV mandate first passed in 1990. The Bush Administration joins that suit.
2003
G.M. announces that it will not renew leases on its EV1 cars saying it can no longer supply parts to repair the vehicles and that it plans to reclaim the cars by the end of 2004.
2005
On February 16, electric vehicle enthusiasts begin a “Don’t Crush” vigil to stop G.M. from demolishing 78 impounded EV1s in Burbank, California.
2006
Tesla Motors publicly unveils the ultra-sporty Tesla Roadster at the San Francisco International Auto Show in November. The first production Roadsters will be sold in 2008 with a base price listing of $98,950.
2008
The Israeli government announces its support for a sweeping project to promote the use of electric cars in Israel.
July
Gas prices reach record highs of more than $4 a gallon and car sales drop to their lowest levels in a decade.2009
February
The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 allocates $2 billion for development of electric vehicle batteries and related technologies. The Department of Energy adds another $400 million to fund building the infrastructure necessary to support plug-in electric vehicles.
January 28, 2010 at 11:56 am
claudio leal period 2
1805 Louisiana passed legislation against sodomy. The law was upheld in
1810 May 21, Charles Chevalier d’Eon de Beaumont (81), French spy, cross dresser, died.
1825 Karl Heinrich (d.1895), later considered as the 1st gay activist, was born. In 2002 Roberto Massari, Italian publisher, dedicated a new wine, Rosso Gayardo, to him.
1850 California passed anti-sodomy legislation in its “crime against nature” law.
1861 British colonial rulers framed an anti-homosexuality law for India.
1894 French poet Pierre Louys (1870-1925) authored “The Songs of Bilitis” (1894) a book of lesbian love poetry.
1904 Aug 10, Dutch newspaper Volk fired gay journalist Jacob de Cock.
1906 The 1st gay periodical “Der Eigene” was published.
1908 San Francisco’s 1st drag bar opened.
1909 California legalized the sterilization of convicted sodomites.
1915 California expanded the definition of sodomy to include fellatio and cunnilingus.
1926 May 30, Christine Jorgensen, pioneer transsexual, was born.
1928 “The Well of Loneliness,” a novel intended as a cry about the plight of “congenital inverts,” her term for lesbians. A Bow Street magistrate declared the novel to be obscene.”
1933 “The Young and Evil,” considered by some to be the 1st gay novel. It was based on Ford’s adventures in Greenwich Village and was banned in the US until the 1960s.
1940 Jul 31, Reich’s Kommissar Seyss-Inquart banned homosexuals.
1943 Radclyffe Hall (b.1880), English author of the lesbian classic “The Well of Loneliness” (1928), died.
1950 The Mattachine Society, the first openly gay organization in the US, was founded in Los Angeles.”
1955 Oct, Del Martin (1921-2008), Phyllis Lyon and 6 other SF women founded the Daughters of Bilitis, the 1st national lesbian organization.
1965 Jose Sarria became the 1st openly gay person to run for public office in the US. He received 5,600 votes in his run for SF supervisor.
January 28, 2010 at 12:04 pm
ADELA RAMIREZ
1450 Newspapers appear in Europe.
1714 Englishmen, Henry Mill receives the first patent for a typewrite
1821 Charles Wheatstone reproduces sound in a primitive sound box – the first microphone.
1843 Samuel Morse invents the first long distance electric telegraph line.
Alexander Bain patents the first fax machine.
1867 American, Sholes the first successful and modern typewriter.
1876 Thomas Edison patents the mimeograph – an office copying machine.
Alexander Graham Bell patents the electric telephone.
Melvyl Dewey writes the Dewey Decimal System for ordering library books.
1877 Thomas Edison patents the phonograph – with a wax cylinder as recording medium.
Eadweard Muybridge invents high speed photography – creating first moving pictures that captured motion.
1887 Emile Berliner invents the gramophone – a system of recording which could be used over and over again.
1898 First telephone answering machines.
1899 Valdemar Poulsen invents the first magnetic recordings – using magnetized steel tape as recording medium – the foundation for both mass data storage on disk and tape and the music recording industry.
Loudspeakers invented.
1902 Guglielmo Marconi transmits radio signals from Cornwall to Newfoundland – the first radio signal across the Atlantic Ocean.
1906 Lee Deforest invents the electronic amplifying tube or triode – this allowed all electronic signals to be amplified improving all electronic communications i.e. telephones and radios.
1914 First cross continental telephone call made.
1916 First radios with tuners – different stations.
1923 The television or iconoscope (cathode-ray tube) invented by Vladimir Kosma Zworykin – first television camera.
1934 Joseph Begun invents the first tape recorder for broadcasting – first magnetic recording.
1938 Television broadcasts able to be taped and edited – rather than only live.
1951 Computers are first sold commercially.
1969 ARPANET – the first Internet started.
1976 Apple I home computer invented.
First nationwide programming – via satellite and implemented by Ted Turner.
1979 First cellular phone communication network started in Japan..
1984 Apple Macintosh released.
IBM PC AT released.
2001 On October 23, 2001 Apple Computers publicly announced their portable music digital player the iPod, created under project codename Dulcimer.
2010 i touch cell phones and computers distributed in the United States
January 28, 2010 at 12:05 pm
Hernan Zarate p-2
the history of video game consoles
1997- first tv game console
1972-worlds first video game console
1997-atrai releases the video game for computer systems
1977-nintendo releases the color tv games 6
1980-mattel releases the television video console
1983-sega sg-1000
1983-nintendo released in japan the nintendo intertainment system then was released in the U.S
1986-sega master was released
1988-sega mega drive was released
1989-gameboy was released
1990-nintendo releass the super famican
1994-play station 1 was released
1996-nintendo 64 was released
1998-gameby color was released
1999-sega dream cast was released
2000-the playstation was released
2001-xbox, gameboy advanced, and gamecube were released
2004- playstation portable, and gameboy ds were released
2005-xbox 360 was released
2006-playstation 3 and wii system were released
2009-playstation portable go and the nintendo dsi were released
January 28, 2010 at 12:06 pm
Emanuel Rodriguez/Ricardo Chavez
1877
Thomas Alva Edison, working in his lab, succeeds in recovering Mary’s Little Lamb from a strip of tinfoil wrapped around a spinning cylinder.
1878
The first music is put on record: cornetist Jules Levy plays “Yankee Doodle.”
1881
Clement Ader, using carbon microphones and armature headphones, accidentally produces a stereo effect when listeners outside the hall monitor adjacent telephone lines linked to stage mikes at the Paris Opera.
1887
Emile Berliner is granted a patent on a flat-disc gramophone, making the production of multiple copies practical.
1994
Yamaha unveils the ProMix 01, the first “affordable” digital multitrack console.
1996
Record labels begin to add multimedia files to new releases, calling them “enhanced CDs.”
Experimental digital recordings are made at 24 bits and 96 kHz
1999
Audio DVD Standard 1.0 agreed upon by manufacturers.
January 28, 2010 at 12:20 pm
Jesse Tapia
In 1843 a man by name Michael Faraday stand to see if space could conduct electricity. He lead to the cell phone development. 1864 doctor Mahlon Loomis was the first person to communicate wireless atmosphere. Loomis was awarded 50,000 for his research 1973 Martin Copper came up with Motorola. 1977 the first cell phone was made in Chicago. when it first came out 2000 people was given a free trial. 1988 the big companies stand to make cell phone
January 28, 2010 at 12:27 pm
Isidro Sevilla
1939 hewlett-packard is founded they found a computer on a patio
1940 the colmplex number calculator is compleded
1941 konrad zuse finish the z3 computer made by a german ingenear
1942 theatandsoff-berry conputer build in iowa state university
January 28, 2010 at 12:28 pm
Christopher Ornelas
In 1843 a man by the name of Michael faraday studied to see if space could conduct electricity he lead to the cell phone development.1865 doctor mahlon looms was the first person to communicate through wireless atmosphere. Looms was awarded 50 000 for his research . 1973 marlin copper came up with motorola. 1977 the first cell phone was the made in chicago . when it first came out 2000 people was given a free trial 1988 the big companies started to make cell phones
January 28, 2010 at 12:29 pm
Maria Mendoza Period2
CELL PHONES; In 1865 a man by name Michael Faraday studied to see if space could conduct electricity. he lead to the cell phones development.1865 doctor Mahlon Loomis was awarded 50.000 for his research. 1973 martin copper came up with motorola. 1977 the first cell phone was made in Chicago. 1988 the big companies started to make cell phones.
January 28, 2010 at 12:37 pm
Giovanni Saldana P2
1965-The mustang shelby G.T.350 racing legend debutes at Riverside Raceway.
1966-Ford designers,such as Bill Shenk, are asked to sketch proposals for the upcoming 1969 mustang-including a new special performance car named Mach.
1967-Mustang outsells the chevy Camaro by a two-to-one margin. The Shelby GT-500 is born with a Ford 428-cubic-inch engine.
!966-1968:The mach 2 concept tours the auto show circuit.
1967-1968:The mach 1 concept teases the design direction of the production 1967 mustang 2+2 Fastback.
1968-The cobra Jet 428-cubic-inch v-8 engine debuts in a mustang. The engine features a Holley four-barrel carburetor and 335 horsepower at 5600 rpm.
January 28, 2010 at 2:10 pm
Maritza Barragan B3
i have decided to do my timeline on music threw technology. how music and technology have together developed and transformed. from jazz to rock from records to disc.
January 28, 2010 at 2:11 pm
Antonio Torres
javascript:;
January 28, 2010 at 2:12 pm
Daniel Gallegos P.3
1971 – Atari Inc. launches “Pong”
1972 – Magnavox released the first home video game console, the Magnavox Odyssey
1976 – Taito releases “Space invaders”
1976 – Fairchild released the Fairchild Video Entertainment System (VES)
1977 – Atari VCS is released
1980 – Namco releases “Pac-Man”
1981 – Nintendo releases “Donkey Kong” which was the game that introduced “Mario”
1985 – Atari Games releases “Gauntlet”
1985 – Nintendo (NES) is released
1989 – Sega Genesis is released
1991 – Capcom releases “Street Fighter 2”
1992 – “Mortal Kombat” is released
1994 – “Killer Instinct” is released and it is the first arcade game with a hard disk
1995 – Playstation is released
1996 – Nintendo 64 is released
2000 – PlayStation 2 is released
2001 – Xbox is released
2005 – Xbox 360 is released
2006 – Playstation 3 is released
2006 – Nintendo Wii is released
January 28, 2010 at 2:16 pm
Oscar Lopez pr.3
TOYOTA SUPRA TIMELINE
1979 – Celica Supra (1st gen.) introduced with 2.6L SOHC engine.
1981 – 2.8L SOHC engine introduced.
1982 – 2nd generation Supra, 2.8L DOHC engine.
1986 – 1986.5 3rd generation Supra introduced, 3.0L DOHC engine.
1987 – Supra Turbo introduced with 230 hp 245 lb/ft Turbo engine
1989 – Mid-line restyled 3rd generation Supra. Turbo version has 232 hp, 254 lb/ft torque.
1990 – Japan only – Supra gets a new 280 hp 2.5 liter twin turbocharged 1JZ-GTE engine.
1993 – 4th generation introduced
1996 – Six-speed manual transmission dropped due to emission regulations.
1997 – Return of the six-speed manual transmission.
1997 – Mid-line restyled 4th generation Supra, introduction of 15th Anniversary model.
1998 – VVT-i on non-turbo models added, no Turbos available with California emissions
1999 – Toyota Supra sales stop in the United States
2002 – Toyota Supra production stop
January 28, 2010 at 2:18 pm
jesus Perez
In 1877, construction of the first regular telephone line from Boston to Somerville, Massachusetts was completed. By the end of 1880, there were 47,900 telephones in the United States. The following year telephone service between Boston and Providence had been established. Service between New York and Chicago started in 1892, and between New York and Boston in 1894. Transcontinental service by overhead wire was not inaugurated until 1915. The first switchboard was set up in Boston in 1877. On January 17, 1882, Leroy Firman received the first patent for a telephone switchboard.The first regular telephone exchange was established in New Haven in 1878. Early telephones were leased in pairs to subscribers. The subscriber was required to put up his own line to connect with another. In 1889, Almon B. Strowger a Kansas City undertaker, invented a switch that could connect one line to any of 100 lines by using relays and sliders. This switch became known as “The Strowger Switch” and was still in use in some telephone offices well over 100 years later. Almon Strowger was issued a patent on March 11, 1891 for the first automatic telephone exchange.
January 28, 2010 at 2:18 pm
Jose luis Coyt
TOYOTA SUPRA TIMELINE
1979 – Celica Supra (1st gen.) introduced with 2.6L SOHC engine.
1981 – 2.8L SOHC engine introduced.
1982 – 2nd generation Supra, 2.8L DOHC engine.
1986 – 1986.5 3rd generation Supra introduced, 3.0L DOHC engine.
1987 – Supra Turbo introduced with 230 hp 245 lb/ft Turbo engine
1989 – Mid-line restyled 3rd generation Supra. Turbo version has 232 hp, 254 lb/ft torque.
1990 – Japan only – Supra gets a new 280 hp 2.5 liter twin turbocharged 1JZ-GTE engine.
1993 – 4th generation introduced
1996 – Six-speed manual transmission dropped due to emission regulations.
1997 – Return of the six-speed manual transmission.
1997 – Mid-line restyled 4th generation Supra, introduction of 15th Anniversary model.
1998 – VVT-i on non-turbo models added, no Turbos available with California emissions
1999 – Toyota Supra sales stop in the United States
2002 – Toyota Supra production stops
January 28, 2010 at 2:18 pm
Antonio Torres
1981: First-Generation Dodge Ram Trucks Introduced
1985: Shift-On-The-Fly Transfer Case Added
1988: 5.2L Gets Fuel Injection
1989: Rear Anti-Lock Brakes Are Standard
1994: Ram Redesigned With Semi-Truck Front End
Models Designated: 1500, 2500, 3500
2002: Major Updates Made – (Third Generation)
2003: Dodge SRT-10 Introduced
2004: Dodge SRT-10 Fastest Pickup On Earth
2006: Front-End Redesigned
Mega Cab Introduced
January 28, 2010 at 2:23 pm
Omar Aceves P.3
Omar Aceves Period 3
Hip-Hop Life
1979*Sugarhill gang’s releases “Rappers Delight”climbed as high as No. 4 on the R&B charts.
1982*Lil Wayne was Born.
1988*NWA brings a new level of authenticity and danger to rap, and pisses off white parents
1989*Beastie Boys drop Paul’s Boutique; hip hop officially becomes art music
1990*Vanilla Ice exhibits the depths of inauthentic white rap
1993*Wu Tang begins to make cool music, t shirts
1999*Eminem immediately becomes the greatest rap lyricist ever.
Jay-Z declares himself the greatest rapper alive
2001*Missy Elliott breaks through hip hop’s glass ceiling with her electronic beats
2002*Eminem’s music becomes stale when he starts to hang around with 50 Cent and pretends to be all “gangster” Plus, he won an Oscar.
2004*Lil Wayne drops The Carter, which is really GREAT!
2005*Lil Wayne drops The Carter II, which instantly becomes the greatest rap album ever
2006*fratboys, white indie rock critics, teenage high school dropouts, and Lil Wayne agree: Lil Wayne is the greatest rapper alive
2007*Lupe Fiasco strikes a blow against true school hip hop fascists who think that fans need to have knowledge of a “canon” of songs that came out prior to 2000.
2008*Kid Cudi becomes a fan favorite!
2009*Eminem drops Relapse after years of no sign of him.
2010*Young Money is born:
1. Lil Wayne “Leader”
2. Drake
3. Mack Maine
4. Gudda Gudda
5. T Streets
6. Jae Millz
7. Lil Chuckee
8. Lil Twist
9. Nicki Minaj
10.Tyga Tyga
11.Shanell
13.Short Dawg
January 28, 2010 at 2:32 pm
Luz Martinez, Juan Ceballos P.3
1. in 1940 The first handheld two-way radio called the “Handy Talkie” is created by Motorola for the U.S. Army Signal Control.
2.in 1944 The first binary, and partially programmable computer, Colossus, was created at Bletchley Park.
3.in 1949 The first computer company, Electronic Controls Company is founded by J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly, the same individuals who helped create the ENIAC computer.
4. in 1958 The first integrated chip is first developed by Robert Noyce of Fairchild Semiconductor and Jack Kilby of Texas Instruments. The first microchip was demonstrated on September 12, 1958.
5. in 1980 On January 3 Hewlett Packard introduces its HP-85. A microcomputer with 16kB of RAM and a 5-inch CRT display.
6.in 1980 IBM hires Microsoft to develop versions of BASIC, FORTRAN, COBOL, and Pascal for the PC being developed by IBM.
7.in The programming language FORTRAN 77 is created,The first Tandy Color computer is introduced and AST is founded.
8.in 1983 The first Apple WWDC is held.
9. in 1985 The computer company Gateway 2000 is founded in Siox City, Iowa on September 5, 1985.
10.in The Intel Pentium III Coppermine series is first introduced on October 25, 1999 and The D programming language starts development
11. On December 1, 1999 the most expensive Internet domain name business.com was sold by Marc Ostrofsky for $7.5 Million.
12. in 2001 April 20, Dell computers becomes the largest PC maker.
13. in 2001 Apple introduces the iPod.
14.in 2001 The first Trackback is used on Movable Type.
15.The first computer is infected with the Spybot worm on April 16, 2003.
16. in 2003 the myspace is found.
17. in 2007 Apple releases the Apple iPhone to the public June 29, 2007.
18. Apple introduces its latest line of Apple iMac computers on August 28, 2008.
19. Microsoft releases MSE on September 30, 2009.
20. Microsoft releases Windows 7 October 22, 2009.
January 28, 2010 at 2:41 pm
yvette mora
1970: ESS-2 electronic switch.
1970: modular telephone cords and jacks introduced .
1970: Amos E. Joel, Jr. of Bell Labs invented the “call handoff” system for “cellular mobile communication system” (patent granted 1972).
1971: AT&T submitted a proposal for cellular phone service to the FCC.
3 April 1973: Motorola employee Martin Cooper placed the first hand-held cell phone call to rival Joel Engel, head of research at AT&T’s Bell Labs, while talking on the first Motorola DynaTAC prototype.
1973: packet switched voice connections over ARPANET with Network Voice Protocol (NVP).
1978: Bell Labs launched a trial of the first commercial cellular network in Chicago using AMPS.
1978: World’s first NMT phone call in Tampere, Finland.[12]
1979: VoIP – NVP running on top of early versions of IP
1981: The world’s first fully-automatic mobile phone system NMT is started in Sweden and Norway.
1981: BT introduces the British Telephone Sockets system.
1982: FCC approved AT&T proposal for Advanced Mobile Phone Service (AMPS) and allocated frequencies in the 824-894 MHz band.
1982: Caller ID patented by Carolyn Doughty, Bell Labs
1983: last manual telephone switchboard in Maine is retired
1984: AT&T completes the divestiture of its local operating companies. This forms a new AT&T (long distance service and equipment sales) and the Baby Bells.
1987: ADSL introduced
1988: First transatlantic fiber optic cable TAT-8, carrying 40,000 circuits
1990: analog AMPS was superseded by Digital AMPS.
1991: the GSM mobile phone network is started in Finland, with the first phone call in Tampere.[13]
1993: Telecom Relay Service available for the disabled
1995: Caller ID implemented nationally in USA
11 June 2002: Antonio Meucci recognized for his work on the telephone by the United States House of Representatives, in House Resolution 269. The Parliament of Canada responds by passing a motion unanimously 10 days later recognizing Alexander Graham Bell as the inventor of the telephone.
2005: Mink, Louisiana gets phone service (last in the USA)
January 28, 2010 at 2:47 pm
Guadalupe Cortes P3
http://www.ncebvi.org/students/keith/Nintendo.html
January 28, 2010 at 2:49 pm
alicia jaraaaaa p/3
http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/bldigitalcamera.htm
January 28, 2010 at 2:50 pm
Heriberto Lopez
the first instrument to the latest instrument.
an electronic instrument first appeared in 1967 it was stylophone.
there was also the flute in the 1960’s
the drum sets (LUDWIG)
the guitar.
January 28, 2010 at 2:50 pm
David Ramirez Period 3
during the 1970s the boombox became a hit worldwide, people walking around with all types of beats. By 1984 Sony Corporation released the first ever walkman with its D50 design. Previously cassettes where a big hit impacting everyday life and also companies acquiring profit as the music industry boosted due to cd sales.From there on we have in our present times getting to the point of ipods and more.
1988 newer version design better to previous
May 1988 the discman got a new feature with a screen
September 1991 most ambitous product in the market
1998 new design cheaper and lighter
January 28, 2010 at 2:51 pm
Mariela Rodriguez
German scientist, Karl Braun invented the cathode ray tube oscilloscope (CRT) in 1897.
the firs television was invented on 1927
n the 1920’s, John Logie Baird patented the idea of using arrays of transparent rods to transmit images for television.
transmitted the earliest moving silhouette images on June 14, 1923.
n 1927, Philo Farnsworth was the first inventor to transmit a television image comprised of 60 horizontal lines.
http://www.history-timelines.org.uk/events-timelines/08-television-invention-timeline.htm
January 28, 2010 at 2:53 pm
Armando Lino
hip hop timeline
started 1925 Earl Tucker (aka Snake Hips)
1940 Tom the Great
1950 Dj battling started
January 28, 2010 at 3:24 pm
Andres Zepeda
How Small do you think CDs will get in the future?
January 28, 2010 at 3:30 pm
Christian M. Ortiz, Per. 4
The future of Rock N’ Roll is the rebirth of a new legend…..
January 28, 2010 at 3:40 pm
Xochitl Montoya p.4
1933
The Nazi party takes power in Germany. Adolf Hitler becomes chancellor,or prime minister of Germany.- Nazis ‘temporarily’ suspend civil liberties
– The Nazis set up the first concentration camp at Dachau. The first inmates are 200 Communists.
– Books with ideas considered dangerous to Nazi beliefs are burned.
1934
Hitler combines the positions of chancellor and president to become ‘Fuhrer’ or leader of Germany.’
– Jewish newspapers can no longer be sold in the streets.
1935
Jews are deprived of their citizenship and other basic rights.
– The Nazis intensify the persecution of political people that donÕt agree with his philosophy.
1936
Nazis boycott Jewish-owned business.
– The Olympic Games are held in Germany; signs barring Jews are removed until the event is over.
– Jews no longer have the right to vote.
1938
German troops annexed Austria.
– On Kristallnacht, the ‘Night of Broken Glass,’ Nazis terrorized Jews throughout Germany and Austria – 30,000 Jews are arrested.
– Jews must carry id cards and Jewish passports are marked with a “J.”
– Jews no longer head businesses, attend plays, concerts, etc.;
all Jewish children are moved to Jewish schools.
– Jewish businesses are shut down; they must sell businesses and hand over securities and jewels.
– Jews must hand over drivers’s licenses and car registrations.
– Jews must be in certain places at certain times.
1939
Germany takes over Czechoslovakia and invades Poland.
– World War II begins as Britain and France declare war on Germany.
– Hitler orders that Jews must follow curfews; Jews must turn in radios to the police; Jews must wear yellow stars of David.
1940
Nazis begin deporting German Jews to Poland.
– Jews are forced into ghettos.
– Nazis begin the first mass murder of Jews in Poland.
-Jews are put into concentration camps.
1941
Germany attacks the Soviet Union.
– Jews throughout Western Europe are forced into ghettos.
-Jews may not leave their houses without permission form the police.
-Jews may no longer use public telephones.
1942
Nazi officials discuss the ‘Final Solution’ – their plan to kill all European Jews – to the government officials.
-Jews are forbidden to: subscribe to newspapers; keep dogs, cats, birds, etc; keep electrical equipment including typewriters; own bicycles; buy meat, eggs, or mild; use public transportation; attend school.
1943
February: About 80 to 85 percent of the Jews who would die in the Holocaust have already been murdered.
1944
Hitler takes over Hungary and begins deporting 12,000 Hungarian Jews each day to Auschwitz where they are murdered.
1945
Hitler is defeated and World War II ends in Europe.
– The Holocaust is over and the death camps are emptied.
– Many survivors are placed in displaced persons facilities.
1946
An International Military Tribunal (Judicial assembly) is created by Britain, France,the United States, and the Soviet Union.
– At Nuremburg, Nazi leaders are tried for war crimes by the above Judicial assembly.
1947
The United Nations establishes a Jewish homeland in British-controlled Palestine, which becomes the State of Israel in 1948.
January 28, 2010 at 3:41 pm
Nicolas Flores p4
-1858- the first video game was invented by Willy Hignbotham
-1967-Ralf Baer and team succefully created two interactive TV games they were also a multi- player game.
-1970- Magnavox licenses Baer
-1971- The first arcade game was invented
-1972- Ping Pong was invented by Al Alcorn
-1976- Coleco released its first video console called Telstar
-1980-300,000 units of Pac-Man are released worldwide by Namco.
-1980- Battlezone is first 3-D game ever created.
-1983- Cinematronics debuts Rick Dyer’s Dragon Lair, the first video game to feature laser-disc technology.
-1983- (NES) was intrudes
-1985-Americans see Nintendo until 1985.
-1995- Sony brings the PlayStation to the U.S. and sells the console for $299.
-1998- Sega introduces the Dreamcast in Japan.
-2000- Sony’s PlayStation 2 launches in the U.S. for $299.99 and is sold out by early morning. Since the demand is so high and only 500,000 units are available, it is very difficult to buy a unit during this first shipment.
-2001-Microsoft claims its Xbox offers “the most powerful game experiences ever.”
-2001-Sega announces that it will no longer manufacture hardware.
-2001-Nintendo releases the GameBoy Advance, a portable gaming system.
-2004- Nintendo releases the Nintendo DS, a portable system with two screens, one of which can be used as a touch screen.
-2005- Sony release the PSP
-2006-Nintendo releases the Wii
-2006-Sony also debuts the Playstation 3, a very sophisticated and expensive game system.
-2005-Microsoft unveils the XBox 360
January 28, 2010 at 3:44 pm
soto david p:4
1) 1822 Charles Babbage: Charles Babbage designs his first mechanical computer
2) 1950 Hideo Yamachito: The first electronic computer is created in Japan by Hideo Yamachito.
3) 1951 LEO: T. Raymond Thompson and John Simmons develop the first business computer, the Lyons Electronic Office (LEO) at Lyons Co.
4)1951- the first commercial computer made in the United States and designed principally by John Presper Eckert & John W. Mauchly
5) 1960 COBOL: The Common Business-Oriented Language (COBOL) programming language is invented.
6) 1962 The first computer game: The first computer game Spacewar Computer Game invented BY Steve Russell & MIT
7)1971 E-mail: E-mail was invented by Ray Tomlinson
8)
7)1970 RAM: Intel introduces the world’s first available dynamic RAM ( random-access memory) chip and the first microprocessor, the Intel 4004.
8) 1975 Portable computers: Altair produces the first portable computer
9) 1976 Apple: Apple Computers was founded Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs
10) 1977 Apple Computer’s Apple II, the first personal computer with color graphics, is demonstrated
11) 1990 The Internet, World Wide Web & Tim Berners-Lee: Tim Berners-Lee and Robert Cailliau propose a ‘hypertext’ system starting the modern Internet
12)YAHOO: is created in April, 1994
13) 1995 Hotmail is started by Jack Smith and Sabeer Bhatia.
14) 2006 Skype announces that it has over 100 million registered user
January 28, 2010 at 3:48 pm
Reynaldo Hernandez piriod 3
TV Timeline
October 1947 First World Series broadcast
November 1948 First election coverage
January 1949 Inauguration of President Truman
April 1949 Milton Berle hosts first telethon, for cancer research
November 1950 First Metropolitan Opera broadcast
Christmas 1950 First Disney broadcast
July 1952 First presidential-convention coverage
September 1952 Nixon’s Checkers speech
January 1953 Little Ricky born on I Love Lucy
March 1953 Bob Hope hosts first Oscar telecast
June 1953 Coronation of Queen Elizabeth II
March 1954 Edward R. Murrow interviews Joseph McCarthy
September 1954 First Miss America coverage
September 1956 Elvis on Ed Sullivan
March 1957 Vivienne Nearing beats Charles Van Doren on Twenty-One
February 1960 Jack Paar walks out on The Tonight Show
February 1960 First Olympics coverage
September 1960 Kennedy-Nixon debates
May 1961 Newton Minow says TV is a “vast wasteland”
February 1962 John Glenn orbits the earth
October 1962 Johnny Carson’s first Tonight Show
August 1963 Civil-rights march on Washington
November 1963 John F. Kennedy assassination
February 1964 The Beatles on Ed Sullivan
August 1967 Last episode of The Fugitive
September 1967 Pete Seeger censored on The Smothers Brothers Show
April 1968 Martin Luther King assassination
June 1968 Robert Kennedy assassination
August 1968 Democratic Convention in Chicago
November 1968 Heidi pre-empts the NFL
July 1969 Neil Armstrong’s moonwalk
December 1969 Tiny Tim marries Miss Vicki
September 1970 Monday Night Football debuts
January 1971 PBS’s Masterpie
January 28, 2010 at 3:49 pm
Alberto Silva
-Early modernist graffiti can be dated back to box cars in the early 1920s
-The “pioneering era” of graffiti took place during the years 1969 through 1974 -1971 article in the New York Times titled “‘Taki 183’ Spawns Pen Pals”.[10][16][21] Julio 204 is also credited as an early writer, though not recognized at the time outside of the graffiti subculture
-names from that time are: Stay High 149, PHASE 2, Stitch 1, Joe 182, Junior 161 and Cay 161. Barbara 62 and Eva 62 were also important early graffiti artists in New York, and are the first women to become known for writing graffiti
-By 1971 tags began to take on their signature calligraphic appearance because, due to the huge number of artists, each graffiti artist needed a way to distinguish themselves.
-By the mid 1970s time, most standards had been set in graffiti writing and culture
-In 1979, graffiti artist Lee Quinones and Fab 5 Freddy were given a gallery opening in Rome by art dealer Claudio Bruni.
-The years between 1985 and 1989 became known as the “die hard” era. A last shot for the graffiti artists of this time was in the form of subway cars destined for the scrap yard.
-With the popularity and legitimization of graffiti has come a level of commercialization in 2001
-and today lots of artists taking it to a hole another level like “the mac” “retna”
“the seventh letter crew” & a hole others.
January 28, 2010 at 3:50 pm
walter Canas p.4
1.) 2400 BC – The abacus, the first known calculator, was invented in Babylonia.
2.) 300 BC Pingala invented the binary number system
3.) 87 BC Antikythera Mechanism: Built in Rhodes to track movement of the stars
4.) 724 Liang Ling-Can invents the first fully mechanical clock
5.) 1492 Leonardo da Vinci: Drawings by Leonardo da Vinci depict inventions such as flying machines, including a helicopter, the first mechanical calculator and one of the first programmable robots
6.) 1822 Charles Babbage: Charles Babbage designs his first mechanical computer
7.) 1835 Morse code: Samuel Morse invents Morse code
8.) 1880 Alexander Graham Bell: Alexander Graham Bell invents the telephone called the Photophone
10.) 1895 Guglielmo Marconi: Radio signals were invented by Guglielmo Marconi
11.) 1896 Tabulating Machine Company: Herman Hollerith forms the Tabulating Machine Company which later becomes IBM
12.) 1898 Nikola Tesla: Remote control was invented by Nikola Tesla
13.) 1911 IBM: IBM is formed on June 15, 1911
14.) 1923 Philo Farnsworth: Television Electronic was invented by Philo Farnsworth
15.) 1938 Konrad Zuse: Konrad Zuse creates the Z1 Computer a binary digital computer using punch tape
16.) 1939 Hewlett Packard: William Hewlett and David Packard start Hewlett Packard
17.) 1943 Enigma: Adolf Hitler uses the Enigma encryption machine
18.) 1950 Hideo Yamachito: The first electronic computer is created in Japan by Hideo Yamachito.
Alan Turing: Alan Turing publishes his paper Computing Machinery and Intelligence which helps create the Turing Test.
20.) 1962 The first computer game: The first computer game Spacewar Computer Game invented BY Steve Russell & MIT
21.) 1970 RAM: Intel introduces the world’s first available dynamic RAM ( random-access memory) chip and the first microprocessor, the Intel 4004.
22.) 1972 First Video Game: Atari releases Pong, the first commercial video game
23.)1975 Portable computers: Altair produces the first portable computer
24.) 1976 Apple: Apple Computers was founded Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs
25.) 1981 Microsoft: MS-DOS Computer Operating System increases its success
26.) 1985 Nintendo: The Nintendo Entertainment System makes its debut.
27.) 1990 The Internet, World Wide Web & Tim Berners-Lee: Tim Berners-Lee and Robert Cailliau propose a ‘hypertext’ system starting the modern Internet
Microsoft and IBM stop working together to develop operating systems
28.) 1991 The World Wide Web: The World Wide Web is launched to the public on August 6, 1991
29.) 1995 Java: Java is introduced
Amazon.com is founded by Jeff Bezos
EBay: EBay is founded by Pierre Omidyar
Hotmail: Hotmail is started by Jack Smith and Sabeer Bhatia.
30.) 1996 WebTV is introduced
31.) Google is founded by Sergey Brin and Larry Page on September 7, 1998
32.) 2001 Bill gates introduces the xbox on january 7th
33.) 2002 – Approximately 1 billion PCs been sold
January 28, 2010 at 3:51 pm
sarah montoya period 4
Doctor Martin Cooper invented the modern cell phone. He invented the technology responsible for the cell phone when was the Director of Research and Development at Motorola. Cooper is also known as the first person to make a call on a cell phone. His groundbreaking call took place in April of 1973 in New York.
Dr. Martin Cooper of Motorola, made the first US analogue mobile phone call on a larger prototype model in 1973. This is a reenactment in 2007.
1979 the first cellular network was launched in Japan.
The Cell Phone Timeline
1843 Micheal Faraday a talented chemist begins researching the possibility that space can conduct electricity. His research starts the wheels turning for many other 19th century scientists. At the time, many of them were referred to as “crackpots”.
1865 A Virginia Dentist/Scientist, Dr. Mahlon Loomis, develops a method of communicating through the earth’s atmosphere by using an electrical conductor. He does this by flying two kites, that are rigged with copper screens and wires, which are connected to the ground on two separate mountains about 18 miles apart. He later received a grant from the U.S. Congress for $50,000. (A fairly large chunk of change for 1865)
1866 The first trans-Atlantic telegraph is built (not much to do with cell phones, but a major advancement in communication nonetheless)
1921 The Police Department in Detroit, Mich. begins installing mobile radios, operating around 2 MHz, in their squad cars. They encounter many problems such as overcrowding on the channels and terrible interference.
1934 The U.S. Congress creates the Federal Communications Commission. They decide who gets to use certain radio frequencies. Most channels are reserved for emergency use and for the government. Radio is still a baby.
1940’s By now, the mobile radios are able to operate at 30 to 40 MHz and become much more common between police departments, and the wealthy. Several private companies and organizations begin using these same radios for personal gain.
1945 The first mobile-radio-telephone service is established in St. Louis, Miss. The system is comprised of six channels that add up to 150 MHz. The project is approved by the FCC, but due to massive interference, the equipment barely works.
1947 AT&T comes out with the first radio-car-phones that can be used only on the highway between New York and Boston; they are known as push-to-talk phones. The system operates at frequencies of about 35 to 44 MHz, but once again there is a massive amount of interference in the system. AT&T declares the project a failure.
1949 The FCC authorizes the widespread use of many separate radio channels to other carriers. They are know as Radio Common Carriers (RCC) and are the first link between mobile phones and the telephone, rather than just radio to radio. The RCC’s are the first step toward the cellular phone industry, which is were designed more for profit than for the general public.
1956 The first real car phones, not car radios, come into play accross the United States. Although, the system is still using push-to-talk phones, it is an improved version that acctually works. However, the units are big and bulky, and require a personal radio operator to switch the calls. A simular system appeared in Sweden a few years earlier.
1964 A new operating system is developed that operates on a single channel at 150 MHz. In essence, this removes the need for push-to-talk operators. Now customers can dial phone numbers directly from their cars. RCC’s are finally taken seriously by the FCC as ligitimate competitors to the land-line phone companies.
1969 The self-dialing capability is now upgraded to 450 MHz and becomes standard in the United States. This new service is known as (IMTS) Improved mobile telephone service.
1970 Cell phone lobbyists finally win with the FCC and get a window of 75 MHz in the 800 MHz region, which allocated specifically for cell phones. The FCC realizes the potential of the industry and can’t ignore it any longer.
1971 AT&T is the first company to propose a modern-day mobile-phone system to the FCC. It involves dividing cities into “cells”. It is the first company to do so.
1973 Dr. Martin Cooper invents the first personal handset while working for Motorola. He takes his new invention, the Motorola Dyna-Tac., to New York City and shows it to the public. His is credited with being the first person to make a call on a portable mobile-phone.
1974 The FCC actually starts to encourage cell phone companies to push forward the “cellular idea”. But unfortunately a law suit arises with Western Electric, who is the closest company to succeeding at the time, and it rules that they are not allowed to manufacture terminal and network phone systems under the same roof. This is an effort to prevent a monopoly. But it also prevents progress.
1975 AT&T adapts its own cellular plan for the city of Chicago, but the FCC is still uneasy about putting the plan into action. They have concerns about its success.
1977 Finally cell phone testing is permitted by the FCC in Chicago. The Bell Telephone Company gets the license; they are in a partnership with AT&T which is a gerneral effort to battle the stubborn FCC.
1981 The FCC makes firm rules about the growing cell phone industry in dealing with manufactures. It finally rules that Western Electric can manufacture products for both cellular and terminal use. (Basically they admit that they put the phone companies about 7 years behind)
1988 One of the most important years in cell phone evolution. The Cellular Technology Industry Association is created and helps to make the industry into an empire. One of its biggest contributions is when it helped create TDMA phone technology, the most evolved cell phone yet. It becomes available to the public in 1991.
2001 BellSouth announces that it is leaving the pay phone business because there is too much competition from cell phones.
1970: ESS-2 electronic switch.
1970: modular telephone cords and jacks introduced .
1970: Amos E. Joel, Jr. of Bell Labs invented the “call handoff” system for “cellular mobile communication system” (patent granted 1972).
1971: AT&T submitted a proposal for cellular phone service to the FCC.
3 April 1973: Motorola employee Martin Cooper placed the first hand-held cell phone call to rival Joel Engel, head of research at AT&T’s Bell Labs, while talking on the first Motorola DynaTAC prototype.
1973: packet switched voice connections over ARPANET with Network Voice Protocol (NVP).
1978: Bell Labs launched a trial of the first commercial cellular network in Chicago using AMPS.
1978: World’s first NMT phone call in Tampere, Finland.[12]
1979: VoIP – NVP running on top of early versions of IP
1981: The world’s first fully-automatic mobile phone system NMT is started in Sweden and Norway.
1981: BT introduces the British Telephone Sockets system.
1982: FCC approved AT&T proposal for Advanced Mobile Phone Service (AMPS) and allocated frequencies in the 824-894 MHz band.
1982: Caller ID patented by Carolyn Doughty, Bell Labs
1983: last manual telephone switchboard in Maine is retired
1984: AT&T completes the divestiture of its local operating companies. This forms a new AT&T (long distance service and equipment sales) and the Baby Bells.
1987: ADSL introduced
1988: First transatlantic fiber optic cable TAT-8, carrying 40,000 circuits
1990: analog AMPS was superseded by Digital AMPS.
1991: the GSM mobile phone network is started in Finland, with the first phone call in Tampere.[13]
1993: Telecom Relay Service available for the disabled
1995: Caller ID implemented nationally in USA
11 June 2002: Antonio Meucci recognized for his work on the telephone by the United States House of Representatives, in House Resolution 269. The Parliament of Canada responds by passing a motion unanimously 10 days later recognizing Alexander Graham Bell as the inventor of the telephone.
2005: Mink, Louisiana gets phone service (last in the USA).
Nokia Mobira Senator (1982)
It may look more like a boombox than a portable phone, but this boxy, bulky device was actually Nokia’s first mobile (if you can call it that) phone. Introduced in 1982, the Nokia Mobira Senator was designed for use in cars. After all, you wouldn’t want to use this phone while walking: It weighed about 21 pounds
The first digital cellular phone call was made in the United States in 1990, in 1991 the first GSM network (Radiolinja) opened in Finland. 2G phone systems were characterized by digital circuit switched transmission and the introduction of advanced and fast phone to network signaling. In general the frequencies used by 2G systems in Europe were higher though with some overlap, for example the 900 MHz frequency range was used for both 1G and 2G systems in Europe and so such 1G systems were rapidly closed down to make space for 2G systems. In America the IS-54 standard was deployed in the same band as AMPS and displaced some of the existing analog channels.
Coinciding with the introduction of 2G systems was a trend away from the larger “brick” phones toward tiny 100–200g hand-held devices, which soon became the norm. This change was possible through technological improvements such as more advanced batteries and more energy-efficient electronics, but also was largely related to the higher density of cellular sites caused by increasing usage levels.
A cell phone with added PDA functions isn’t news today. But in 1993, it was a novel idea. The Simon Personal Communicator, jointly marketed by IBM and BellSouth, was the first mobile phone to add PDA features. It was a phone, pager, calculator, address book, fax machine, and e-mail device in one package, albeit a 20-ounce package that cost $900.
The first commercial usage of text mesaging was implemented by Nokia in
China and Japan in 1995
Ahead of Its Time: Motorola StarTAC (1996)
Before the Motorola StarTAC was introduced in 1996, cell phones were more about function than fashion. But this tiny, lightweight phone ushered in the concept that style was just as important, ultimately paving the way for today’s sleek-looking phones like the Motorola Razr. This 3.1-ounce clamshell-style phone, which could easily be clipped to a belt, was the smallest and lightest of its time. In fact, it was smaller and lighter than many of today’s teeny-tiny cell phones.
Its intended basic purpose was to be a wire replacement technology in order to rapidly transfer voice and data.
There were many doubters who believed Bluetooth would be a distant memory in just a couple of years. However, multiple years have passed and Bluetooth continues to make strides and advancements everyday
The BlackBerry is a wireless handheld device introduced in 1999 which supports push e-mail, mobile telephone, text messaging, internet faxing, web browsing and other wireless information services. Developed by the Canadian company Research In Motion (RIM), it delivers information over the wireless data networks of mobile phone service companies. BlackBerry first made headway in the marketplace by concentrating on e-mail. RIM currently offers BlackBerry e-mail service to non-BlackBerry devices, such as the Palm Treo, through the BlackBerry Connect software. The original BlackBerry device had a monochrome display, but all current models have color displays.
PDA to Phone: Handspring Treo 180 (2001)
Back when Palm and Handspring were still rivals, Handspring made waves with the Treo 180. More PDA than phone, the Treo 180 came in two versions: one with a QWERTY keyboard for typing (pictured), and another (the Treo 180g) that used Graffiti text input instead. Like the Kyocera QCP6035, it featured a monochrome screen, but boasted 16MB of memory.
Swivel It: Danger Hiptop (2002)
Before the T-Mobile Sidekick became Hollywood’s “it” phone, it was known as the Danger Hiptop. PC World liked it so much that we named it our product of the year in 2003. While its voice capabilities were only mediocre, this was one of the first devices to offer truly functional mobile Web browsing, e-mail access, and instant messaging. Plus, it pioneered that nifty swiveling design.
The Music Cell Phone
0 2005
Out of Tune: Motorola Rokr (2005)
It promised to bring together the best of two worlds: Apple’s excellent iTunes music player and Motorola’s cell phone design expertise. The Motorola Rokr, released in September 2005, was the first music phone to incorporate Apple’s music software. It allowed users to transfer songs purchased from iTunes to the phone for listening on the go. Unfortunately, users found song transfers to be painfully slow, and many were stymied by the 100-song limit imposed on their music collections. Still, this handset paved the way for today’s music phones, including those (like the Motorola Slvr and Razr V3i) that support iTunes.
January 28, 2010 at 3:54 pm
Andres zepeda p4
1769 : The first self-propelled car was built.Nicolas Cugnot, a French military engineer developed a steam powered road-vehicle for the French army to haul heavy cannons.
1801 : Britain’s steam powered cars .Richard Trevithick improved the design of steam engines, by making smaller and lighter with stronger boilers generating more power. In 1801, he put one of his new compact steam engines on wheels.
1824 : Uphill struggle.English engineer, Samuel Brown adapted an old Newcomen steam engine to burn a mixture of oxygen hydrogen gas.
1858 : First Coal-gas engine.Belgian-born engineer, Jean Joseph Étienne Lenoir invented and patented (1860) a two-stroke, internal combustion engine. It was fuelled by coal gas and triggered by an electric spark-ignition.
1865 : Speed restrictions introduced in UK.The Locomotive Act restricted the speed of horse-less vehicles to 4mph in open country and 2 mph in towns.
1876 : Stroke of genius.Nikolaus August Otto invented and later patented a successful four-stroke engine, known as the “Otto cycle.”
1886 : Motor age moves forward.The first vehicles driven using internal combustion engines were developed roughly at the same time by two engineers working in separate parts of Germany – Gottlieb Daimler and Karl Benz.
1889 : The First Motor Company formed.Two former French wood machinists, Rene Panhard and Emile Levassor, set up the world’s first car manufacturers. Their first car was built in 1890 using a Daimler engine.
Two former French wood machinists, Rene Panhard and Emile Levassor, set up the world’s first car manufacturers.Their first car was built in 1890 using a Daimler engine.
1890 : Maybach speeds things up.Wilhelm Maybach built the first four-cylinder, four-stroke engine.
1894 : Grand Prix racing begins.Motor racing began as cars were built.
1896 : First Road Traffic Death.Bridget Driscoll, a 44-year old mother of two from Croydon, stepped off a kerb and into the history books. She was hit by a passing motor car near Crystal Palace in London. She died from head injuries.
January 28, 2010 at 3:56 pm
Olivia Rodriguez P4
History of Cellphones
1843 – A skilled analytical chemist, Michael Faraday began exhaustive research into whether space could conduct electricity. He exposed his great advances of nineteenth-century science and technology and his discoveries have had an incalculable effect on technical development toward cellular phone development.
1865 – Dr. Mahlon, a dentist, may have been the first person to communicate through wireless via the atmosphere.
1921 – The Police Department in Detroit, Mich. begins installing mobile radios, operating around 2 MHz, in their squad cars. They encounter many problems such as overcrowding on the channels and terrible interference.
1934 – The U.S. Congress creates the Federal Communications Commission. They decide who gets to use certain radio frequencies. Most channels are reserved for emergency use and for the government. Radio is still a baby.
1940s – Mobile radios are able to operate at 30 to 40 MHz and become much more common between police departments, and the wealthy. Several private companies and organizations begin using these same radios for personal gain.
1945 – The zero generation (0G) of mobile telephones was introduced
1947 – The intro of cells for mobile phone base stations, invented in 1947 by Bell Labs engineers at AT&T, was further developed by Bell Labs during the 1960s.
1971 – AT&T is the first company to propose a modern-day mobile-phone system to the FCC. It involves dividing cities into “cells”.
1973 – Dr Martin Cooper, is considered the inventor of the first portable handset. Dr. Cooper, former general manager for the systems division at Motorola, and the first person to make a call on a portable cellular phone.
1973 – Motorola manager Martin Cooper made the first call on a handheld mobile phone.
1977 – Cell phones go public. Public cell phone testing began.
1979 – first commercial cellular network was launched in Japan by NTT.
1982 – Nokia’s First Mobile Phone. looks more like a boombox and weighs about 21 pounds.
1985: First Mobile Phone
1990 – Introduction of 2G Technology
1993 – Text messaging began in the late 1980’s by a group of Europeans who were trying to improve systems for GSM, but was used by a civilian in 1993 by an engineering student totally by accident.
1996 – Intro of Cell Phone Fashion
1999 – Introduction of Mobile Web and Blackberry
2000 – Goodbye External Antenna
2001 – First Camera Phone 2001 and Introduction of 3G High-Speed Data
January 28, 2010 at 3:57 pm
Ruben Reyes Period 4
1. First console “brown box” German engineer Ralph Baer invented in 1967 (works on standard television) Sanders Associates; 12 games
2. Baer presents brown box to Magnavox and team up to produce the “Magnavox Odyssey” 1972 12 games in cartridges
3. Atari created in 1972 by Nolan Bushnell
4. In 1975 Atari creates a home version of “Pong”
5. “Atari 2600 VCS” in 1977 aka (Stella) Bushnell sells atari to Warner communications in 1976 later produces atari 2600 ( pop. title space invaders)
6. in 1980 the Mattel company releases the Intellivision the first system to synthesize in-game voices. Start of competition with Atari. 1983-1984: ColecoVision, Atari 5200, and Vectrex
7. Nintendo ( originally a playing-card company) releases the Nintendo Entertainment System aka “NES” in 1985. Popular titles include Mario Bros. Legend of Zelda. Metroid. Becomes best selling console in videogame history after the videogame crash.
8. In 1989 Nintendo releases the GameBoy. First major handheld console. 8-bit CPU popular title “tetris” made it popular, sales through the roof.
9. 1990 Neo-Geo released by SNK with a 24-bit, years ahead of the competitors. Did not become popular because of high prices console: $650; Games: $200
10. 1989 sega Genesis released and it completely overshadowed the nes.
11. 1991 Nintendo releases the Super Nintendo Entertainment System aka (SNES) catches up to Genesis and beats it for its slight technological superiority. Top selling 16-bit system in the US by mid 1900s
12. 1995 Sony releases PlayStation 1. 32-bit. 3-dimensional gameplay for the first time ever. using CD-ROM technology it dropped its games prices and beat the 16-bit systems. ( Needs the use of memory cards)
13. 1996 Nintendo 64 is released. Last mass market system to use cartridges but more pop than psone b/c it loads faster than the CD-ROMS
14. 2000 Sony releases the Ps2. The first 128-bit system. Can play Ps1 games. DVD player function. Most pop console of the 128-bit era. Beginning of highispeed internet gaming.
15. 2001 Nintendo releases the Gamecube
16. 2001 Microsoft releases the Xbox. popular title Halo.
17. 2002 GameBoy advanced released.
18. 2004 Nintendo DS released.
19. 2005 PSP released.
January 28, 2010 at 3:58 pm
javier linares per 4
1967 – the brown box german born television engineer ralph bear and his coworkers design the first video game console that works on a standard television
1972 – The Magnavox Odyssey is the first home video game console.The Odyssey was designed by Ralph Baer, who had a working prototype finished by 1968.
1975 – In 1973, after the success of the original PONG coin-op, an Atari engineer by the name of Harold Lee came up with the idea of a home PONG unit.
1977 – In 1977, Video Pinball appeared as another Atari coin-op to stand-alone home console translation by bringing the game Breakout to home players.
1978 – The Telstar Colortron was released in 1978. It is one of the only systems based around the AY-3-8510 game chip, a derivation of the AY-3-8500.
1985 – Nintendo Entertainment System (NES) Nintendo made plans to produce its own console hardware that had removable cartridges, a feature not included with the company’s earlier Color TV Games product.
1986 – In 1986 the Atari 2600 was re-released as the 2600 Junior. They retailed for $49.99 and came with a controller.
1989 – NEC Turbo Grafx In Japan, shortly after the introduction of Nintendo’s Famicom (Japan’s version of the NES), the electronics giant NEC entered into the video game market.
1990 – Sega Master System II In 1990, Sega was having success with its Sega Mega Drive/Sega Genesis and as a result took back the rights from Tonka for the SMS.
1991 – Super Nintendo Entertainment System (SNES) The Super Nintendo Entertainment System was Nintendo’s second home console, following the Nintendo Entertainment System (often abbreviated to NES, released as the Famicom in Japan).
1992 – Sega CD for Genesis The Sega CD had been announced at the Chicago CES on November 1992. Early reports had suggested that hardware in the system would allow it to display more on screen colors
1993 – Panasonic 3DO Interactive The 3DO was a concept. “Create the blueprints for a next-generation, 32-bit, do-it-all, set-top system that is fully upgradeable and license the actual hardware manufacturing to some of the world’s largest electronics manufacturers.
1994 – Sega CD for Genesis 2 The Sega Mega-CD is an add-on device for the Sega Mega Drive released in Europe, Australia, and Japan. The North American version is called the Sega CD. It can also play CD+G discs.
January 28, 2010 at 4:02 pm
Jose Mendez Abrica p4
In 1997 the Committee for the Fiftieth Anniversary of the AES was formed to increase the awareness of where we have been and what we have accomplished. Part of that effort was directed to the creation of an Audio Timeline, compiled by Jerry Bruck, Al Grundy and Irv Joel.
1881
Clement Ader, using carbon microphones and armature headphones, accidentally produces a stereo effect when listeners outside the hall monitor adjacent telephone lines linked to stage mikes at the Paris Opera.
January 28, 2010 at 4:07 pm
juan flores prd 4
-The earliest forms of graffiti date back to 30,000 BC cave paintings
-intruments used animal bones and pigment.
-Ancient time.
-The first known example of “modern style” graffiti survives in the ancient Greek city of Ephesus
-The ancient Romans carved graffiti on walls and monuments, examples of which also survive in Egypt
-Historic forms of graffiti have helped gain understanding into the lifestyles and languages of past cultures.
-In modern times, spray paint, normal paint and markers have become the most commonly used materials
-Graffiti is often seen as having become intertwined with hip hop culture and the myriad of international styles derived from New York City Subway graffiti
-A famous graffito of the 20th century was the inscription in the London subway reading “Clapton is God”.
-In America around the late 1960s, graffiti was used as a form of expression by political activists, and also by gangs such as the Savage Skulls
-Early modernist graffiti can be dated back to box cars in the early 1920s
-The “pioneering era” of graffiti took place during the years 1969 through 1974.
-By 1971 tags began to take on their signature calligraphic appearance because, due to the huge number of artists, each graffiti artist needed a way to distinguish themselves.
-By 1974, graffiti artists had begun to incorporate the use of scenery and cartoon characters into their work.
-The late 1970s and early 1980s brought a new wave of creativity to the scene
-In 1979, graffiti artist Lee Quinones and Fab 5 Freddy were given a gallery opening in Rome by art dealer Claudio Bruni.
-The years between 1985 and 1989 became known as the “die hard” era
-With the popularity and legitimization of graffiti has come a level of commercialization.
– 2001, computer giant IBM launched an advertising campaign in Chicago and San Francisco which involved people spray painting on sidewalks
-The Jet Set Radio series (2000-2003) tells the story of a group of teens fighting the oppression of a totalitarian police force that attempts to limit the graffiti artists’ freedom of speech.
January 28, 2010 at 4:12 pm
Gabriel Salazar and the betch Saul Rivasp.4
ima don did this time line on the gaming consoles
1972: the Magnavox Odyssey, First video game console
1976: Coleco releases its telstar console
1977: Atari 2600 released in Nort Aamedika
1979: Intellivison video game console released
1982: NOV Atari releases the 5200
1982: DEC Atari releases E.T
1984: Atari releases the 7800 in North America
1985: Nintendo releases the R.O.B.
1985: Oct18 Nintendo Entertainment system
1987: Sega first releases the master system
1989: sega releases the genesis
1989: Aug 29 NEC
1990: SNK releases the NEO Geo
1990: oct6 sega game gear released in japan
1991: Super nintendo Entertainment system
1992: sega releases the sega CD
1993: Atari releases the jaguar
1994: sega 32x released in north america
1995: sega saturn released in north america
1995: Jul 21 nintendo’s virtual boy arrives
1995: Sep 9 sony releases the Playstation
1996: nintendo 64 arrives in north america
2005: xbox 360 comes to america with the best online gaming
January 28, 2010 at 4:14 pm
cynthia maduena per4
the telephone was invented in 1876 by Alexander Graham.
1878 first commercial telephone exchange in the world.
1880 thirty thousand phones in use.
1890 211,503 Bell telephone stations.
1892 opening of long distance telephone service.
1879 first telephone numbers issued.
1889 first coin telephone installed.
1894-1900 six thousand independent phone companies.
1891 dial telephone invented.
1998 ringtones first sold.
1996 wireless internet connection.
First cellular call in 1973.
1968 caller ID invented.
1989 first text message sent.
1962 touch tone phone invented
2006 blackberry phone invented.
2007 I phone invented.
1874 Alexander discovers the principal of the telephone.
1990’s digital signal processing of all telecommunication equipment.
2002 162 million americans are wireless subscribers
February 1, 2010 at 9:53 am
JESUS ZARATE PER 1
1936
BASF makes the first tape recording of a symphony concert during a visit by the touring London Philharmonic Orchestra. Sir Thomas Beecham conducts Mozart.
Von Braunmühl and Weber apply for a patent on the cardioid condenser microphone.
1938
Benjamin B. Bauer of Shure Bros. engineers a single microphone element to produce a cardioid pickup pattern, called the Unidyne, Model 55. This later becomes the basis for the well known SM57 and SM58 microphones.
Under the direction of Dr. Harry Olson, Leslie J. Anderson designs the 44B ribbon bidirectional microphone and the 77B ribbon unidirectional for RCA.
RCA develops the first column loudspeaker array.
1939
Independently, engineers in Germany, Japan and the U.S. discover and develop AC biasing for magnetic recording.
Western Electric designs the first motional feedback, vertical-cut disk recording head.
Major Armstrong, the inventor of FM radio, makes the first experimental FM broadcast.
The first of many attempts is made to define a standard for the VU meter.
1940
Walt Disney’s “Fantasia” is released, with eight-track stereophonic sound.
1941
Commercial FM broadcasting begins in the U.S.
Arthur Haddy of English Decca devises the first motional feedback, lateral-cut disk recording head, later used to cut their “ffrr” high-fidelity recordings.
1942
The RCA LC-1 loudspeaker is developed as a reference-standard control-room monitor.
Dr. Olson patents a single-ribbon cardioid microphone (later developed as the RCA 77D and 77DX), and a “phased-array” directional microphone.
The first stereo tape recordings are made by Helmut Kruger at German Radio in Berlin.
1943
Altec develops their Model 604 coaxial loudspeaker.
1944
Alexander M. Poniatoff forms Ampex Corporation to make electric motors for the military.
1945
Two Magnetophon tape decks are sent back to the U.S. In pieces in multiple mailbags by Army Signal Corps Major John T. (Jack) Mullin.
1946
Webster-Chicago manufactures wire recorders for the home market.
Brush Development Corp. builds a semiprofessional tape recorder as its Model BK401 Soundmirror.
3M introduces Scotch No. 100, a black oxide paper tape.
Jack Mullin demonstrates “hi-fi” tape recording with his reconstructed Magnetophon at an Institute of Radio Engineers (IRE) meeting in San Francisco.
1947
Colonel Richard Ranger begins to manufacture his version of a Magnetophon.
Bing Crosby and his technical director, Murdo McKenzie, agree to audition tape recorders brought in by Jack Mullin and Richard Ranger. Mullin’s is preferred, and he is brought back to record Crosby’s Philco radio show.
Ampex produces its first tape recorder, the Model 200.
Major improvements are made in disk-cutting technology: the Presto 1D, Fairchild 542, and Cook feedback cutters.
The Williamson high-fidelity power amplifier circuit is published.
The first issue of Audio Engineering is published; its name is later shortened to Audio.
1948
The Audio Engineering Society (AES) is formed in New York City.
The microgroove 33-1/3 rpm long-play vinyl record (LP) is introduced by Columbia Records.
Scotch types 111 and 112 acetate-base tapes are introduced.
Magnecord introduces its PT-6, the first tape recorder in portable cases.
1949
RCA introduces the microgroove 45 rpm, large-hole, 7-inch record and record changer/adaptor.
Ampex introduces its Model 300 professional studio recorder.
Magnecord produces the first U.S.-made stereo tape recorder, employing half-track staggered-head assemblies.
A novel amplifier design is described by McIntosh and Gow.
1950
Guitarist Les Paul modifies his Ampex 300 with an extra preview head for “Sound-on-Sound” overdubs.
IBM develops a commercial magnetic drum memory.
1951
The “hot stylus” technique is introduced to disk recording.
An “Ultra-Linear” amplifier circuit is proposed by Hafler and Keroes.
Pultec introduces the first active program equalizer, the EQP-1.
The Germanium transistor is developed at Bell Laboratories.
1952
Peter J. Baxandall publishes his (much-copied) tone control circuit.
Emory Cook presses experimental dual-band left-right “binaural” disks.
1953
Ampex engineers a 4-track, 35 mm magnetic film system for 20th-Century Fox’s Christmas release of “The Robe” in CinemaScope with surround sound.
Ampex introduces the first high speed reel-to-reel duplicator as its Model 3200.
1954
EMT (Germany) introduces the electromechanical reverberation plate.
Sony produces the first pocket transistor radios.
Ampex produces its Model 600 portable tape recorder.
G. A. Briggs stages a live-versus-recorded demonstration in London’s Royal Festival Hall.
RCA introduces its polydirectional ribbon microphone, the 77DX.
Westrex introduces their Model 2B motional feedback lateral-cut disk recording head.
The first commercial 2-track stereo tapes are released.
1955
Ampex develops “Sel-Sync” (Selective Synchronous Recording), making audio overdubbing practical.
1956
Les Paul makes the first 8-track recordings using the “Sel-Sync” method.
The movie Forbidden Planet is released, with the first all-electronic film score, composed by Louis and Bebe Barron.
1957
Westrex demonstrates the first commercial “45/45″ stereo cutter head.
1958
The first commercial stereo disk recordings appear.
Stefan Kudelski introduces the Nagra III battery-operated transistorized field tape recorder, which with its “Neo-Pilot” sync system becomes the de facto standard of the film industry.
1959
EMI fails to renew the Blumlein stereo patent. Hello – anybody home?
1961
3M introduces the first 2-track closed-loop capstan-drive recorder, the M-23.
The FCC decides the FM stereo broadcast format.
1962
The Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers (SMPTE) sets the standard for the time code format.
3M introduces Scotch 201/202 “Dynarange,” a black oxide low-noise mastering tape with a 4 dB improvement in s/n ratio over Scotch 111.
1963
Philips introduces the Compact Cassette tape format, and offers licenses worldwide.
Gerhard Sessler and James West, working at Bell Labs, patent the electret microphone.
The Beach Boys contract Sunn Electronics to build the first large full-range sound system for their rock music concert tour.
1965
The Dolby Type A noise reduction system is introduced.
Robert Moog shows elements of his early music “synthesizers.”
Eltro (Germany) makes a pitch/tempo shifter, using a rotating head assembly to sample a moving magnetic tape.
Herb Alpert and the Tijuana Brass tour with a Harry McCune Custom Sound System.
1967
Richard C. Heyser devises the “TDS” (Time Delay Spectrometry) acoustical measurement scheme, which paves the way for the revolutionary “TEF” (Time Energy Frequency) technology.
Altec-Lansing introduces “Acousta-Voicing,” a concept of room equalization utilizing variable multiband filters.
Elektra releases the first electronic music recording: Morton Subotnick’s Silver Apples of the Moon.
The Monterey International Pop Festival becomes the first large rock music festival.
The Broadway musical Hair opens with a high-powered sound system.
The first operational amplifiers are used in professional audio equipment, notably as summing devices for multichannel consoles.
1968
CBS releases “Switched-On Bach,” Walter (Wendy) Carlos’s polyphonic multitracking of Moog’s early music synthesizer.
1969
Dr. Thomas Stockham begins to experiment with digital tape recording.
Bill Hanley and Company designs and builds the sound system for the Woodstock Music Festival.
3M introduces Scotch 206 and 207 magnetic tape, with a s/n ratio 7 dB better than Scotch 111.
1970
The first digital delay line, the Lexicon Delta-T 101, is introduced and is widely used in sound reinforcement installations.
Ampex introduces 406 mastering tape.
1971
Denon demonstrates 18-bit PCM stereo recording using a helical-scan video recorder.
RMS and VCA circuit modules introduced by David Blackmer of dbx.
1972
Electro-Voice and CBS are licensed by Peter Scheiber to produce quadraphonic decoders using his patented matrixes.
1974
D. B. Keele pioneers the design of “constant-directivity” high-frequency horns.
The Grateful Dead produce the “Wall of Sound” at the San Francisco Cow Palace, incorporating separate systems for vocals, each of the guitars, piano and drums.
3M introduces Scotch 250 mastering tape with an increase in output level of over 10 dB compared to Scotch 111.
DuPont introduces chromium dioxide (CrO2) cassette tape.
1975
Digital tape recording begins to take hold in professional audio studios.
Michael Gerzon conceives of and Calrec (England) builds the “Soundfield Microphone,” a coincident 4-capsule cluster with matrixed “B-format” outputs and decoded steerable 2- and 4-channel discrete outputs.
EMT produces the first digital reverberation unit as its Model 250.
Ampex introduces 456 high-output mastering tape.
1976
Dr. Stockham of Soundstream makes the first 16-bit digital recording in the U.S. at the Santa Fe Opera.
1978
The first EIAJ standard for the use of 14-bit PCM adaptors with VCR decks is embodied in Sony’s PCM-1 consumer VCR adaptor.
A patent is issued to Blackmer for an adaptive filter (the basis of dbx Types I and II noise reduction).
3M introduces metal-particle cassette tape.
1980
3M, Mitsubishi, Sony and Studer each introduces a multitrack digital recorder.
EMT introduces its Model 450 hard-disk digital recorder.
Sony introduces a palm-sized stereo cassette tape player called a “Walkman.”
1981
Philips demonstrates the Compact Disc (CD).
MIDI is standardized as the universal synthesizer interface.
IBM introduces a 16-bit personal computer.
1982
Sony introduces the PCM-F1, intended for the consumer market, the first 14- and 16-bit digital adaptor for VCRs. It is eagerly snapped up by professionals, sparking the digital revolution in recording equipment.
Sony releases the first CD player, the Model CDP-101.
1983
Fiber-optic cable is used for long-distance digital audio transmission, linking New York and Washington, D.C.
1984
The Apple Corporation markets the Macintosh computer.
1985
Dolby introduces the “SR” Spectral Recording system.
1986
The first digital consoles appear.
R-DAT recorders are introduced in Japan.
Dr. Gunther Theile describes a novel stereo “sphere microphone.”
1987
Digidesign markets “Sound Tools,” a Macintosh-based digital workstation using DAT as its source and storage medium.
1990
ISDN telephone links are offered for high-end studio use.
Dolby proposes a 5-channel surround-sound scheme for home theater systems.
The write-once CD-R becomes a commercial reality.
3M introduces 996 mastering tape, a 13 dB improvement over Scotch 111.
1991
Wolfgang Ahnert presents, in a binaural simulation, the first digitally enhanced modeling of an acoustic space.
Alesis unveils the ADAT, the first “affordable” digital multitrack recorder.
Apple debuts the “QuickTime” multimedia format.
Ampex introduces 499 mastering tape.
1992
The Philips DCC and Sony’s MiniDisc, using digital audio data-reduction, are offered to consumers as record/play hardware and software.
The Nagra D is introduced as a self-contained battery-operated field recorder using Nagra’s own 4-channel 24-bit open-reel format.
1993
In the first extensive use of “distance recording” via ISDN, producer Phil Ramone records the “Duets” album with Frank Sinatra.
Mackie unveils the first “affordable” 8-bus analog console.
1994
Yamaha unveils the ProMix 01, the first “affordable” digital multitrack console.
1995
The first “solid-state” audio recorder, the Nagra ARES-C, is introduced. It is a battery-operated field unit recording on PCMCIA cards using MPEG-2 audio compression.
Iomega debuts high-capacity “Jaz” and “Zip” drives, useful as removable storage media for hard-disk recording.
1996
Record labels begin to add multimedia files to new releases, calling them “enhanced CDs.”
Experimental digital recordings are made at 24 bits and 96 kHz.
1997
DVD videodiscs and players are introduced. An audio version with 6-channel surround sound is expected to eventually supplant the CD as the chosen playback medium in the home.
1998
The Winter Olympics open with a performance of Beethoven’s “Ode to Joy,” played and sung by synchronizing live audio feeds from five continents with an orchestra and conductor at the Olympic stadium in Nagano, Japan, using satellite and ISDN technology.
Golden Anniversary celebration held in New York on March 11, the exact date of the first AES meeting in 1948, with ten of the original members present.
MP-3 players for downloaded Internet audio appear.
1999
Audio DVD Standard 1.0 agreed upon by manufacturers.
2013 ipod is going to be the biggest music company
February 1, 2010 at 9:56 am
Francisco Torres
1940 – Regular FM Radio broadcasting begins in New York City.
1941 – The National Television Standards Committee adopts the “NTSC standard” of
525 interlaced horizontal scan lines for all U.S. commercial television broadcasts
1942 – James Petrillo’s American Federation of Musicians (AF of M) Union begins a
“recording ban” from Aug., 1942 – Nov., 1944 to force record companies to pay royalties,
1945 – The American Broadcasting Network officially begins on June 14 — when it takes over
the NBC Radio “Blue” Network.
1946 – Captured German magnetic tape recorders brought to the United States which are copied
for commercial use by A. M. Polikoff who founds AMPEX (he added “EX” for excellence.)
1947 – The FCC approves regularly-scheduled commercial television broadcasting, following
the wartime “interruption”, on seven East Coast television stations.
1948 – The first cable TV systems appear (called Community Antenna TeleVision systems,
or CATV)
1949 – RCA Victor responds to the LP by developing large-hole 45 rpm phonograph records;
1950 – RCA finally gave in to market pressures and began producing 33 1/3 microgroove (1-mil)
LPs to compete with Columbia and others.
1951 – CBS television broadcast the first color TV program to five cities on June 25th; the CBS
color system was not compatible with black & white signals as was the RCA system
developed for NBC,
1952 – Coast-to-coast network TV is a reality via telephone company coaxial cables.
1953 – RCA proposes to the RIAA (Recording Industry Association of America) that it
adopt RCA’s “New Orthophonic” recording characteristic as its standard to define
equalization crossover points and rolloff characteristics for records.
1954 – The First “transistor radio” went on sale in the U.S. named The Regency TR-1
(it had 4 transistors and cost $49.99.)
1955 – Larger 12″ LP’s overtake 10″ LP’s as the preferred size for long-playing records.
1956 – Ampex Co. of Redwood City, CA demonstrates the first videotape system in February
1956 – The “NBC Peacock” logo (symbol of compatible “Living Color”) debuts in July
1957 – Compatible Stereo disks and record players are offered for sale (33 1/3 and 45rpm.)
1960 – Sony introduces the first “solid-state” TV set, using transistors instead of vacuum tubes.
1961 – FM Stereo radio broadcasting begins and FM slowly starts to gain respect.
1962 – Multitrack analog tape recording starts being used in recording studios.
1963 – Compact stereo tape cassettes and players are developed by Phillips.
1963 – Ivan Sutherland does his M.I.T. Doctoral Thesis on Interactive Computer Graphics
creating a “Sketchpad” program using an interactive light pen instead of a mouse
1964 – The 8-track stereo tape cartridge is developed for automobile use by Lear
1964 – A T & T introduces the PicturePhone at the Worlds’ Fair, but it doesn’t catch on
1966 – The “Dolby-A” professional noise reduction system is used in some recording studios
1968 – The “Dolby-B” noise reduction system is introduced for consumer reel-to-reel and
cassette tape recorders.
1969 – The FCC requires cable TV systems with more than 3500 subscribers to include
locally-originated programming
1971 – The first ARPANET (later Internet) EMail program called “SNDMSG” — short for
“Send Message”
1971 – Gloria Gaynor records “Never Can Say Goodbye” — the first disco record on US radio
1972 – Atari of Santa Clara, CA develops “Pong” — the first electronic computer arcade game.
1972 – New Mexico calculator company MIPS introduces the first “micro-computer”, the Altair,
which is sold as a kit you put together.
1973 – Martin Cooper of Motorola conceived the first cellular phone system, and led the
10-year process of bringing it to market.
1974 – The first all solid-state video cameras are introduced using Bell Labs “CCD”
(charge-coupled device) instead of an Image Orthicon or Plumbicon camera tube
1975 – NBC’s weekend radio format MONITOR is cancelled after nearly 20 years –
It’s final broadcast airs on Sunday, January 26th.
1976 – Garrett Brown invents the gyroscopic Steadicam, a motion picture camera stabilizer
mount, worn by the cameraman himself, first used in the movie “Rocky.”
1979 – The Sugarhill Gang’s “Rapper’s Delight”, is the first hip-hop record to reach Top 40 radio.
1981 – The MTV Music TV Cable Network debuts on the air at Midnight, August 1st.
1982 – The digital Compact Disc (CD) is introduced by a Japanese conglomerate.
1982 – The first CD released (in Japan) is Billy Joel’s “52nd Street” (October, 1982.)
1983 – The first CD titles are released in the US in June (12 CBS, 15 Telarc, 30 Denon.)
1983 – In November, U.S. computing student Fred Cohen created the very first computer
virus — as a research project.
1984 – The (128K) Apple Macintosh personal computer debuts with a Graphical User Interface
advertised as “the computer for the rest of us”, expected sales of 50,000 the first month
at $2495
1985 – Adoption of the CD starts taking a huge bite out of LP sales, causing them to drop 25%.
1986 – The Recording Industry Association of America (the RIAA) announces on June 19 that
CDs have overtaken LP sales in the U.S.
1988 – The CD overtakes LP sales worldwide; CD-ROMs are developed as a computer medium
able to store around 750 MegaBytes per disc.
1988 – CEDAR Audio Ltd. of Cambridge, England develops a Noise Reduction system to fix
clicks, pops and crackle from old records re-mastered for release on CD’s.
1990 – Phillips introduces a digital audio tape recorder (DAT) using a digital casette.
1991 – The Moving Picture Experts Group MPEG-1 Audio Layer III (MP3) compressed audio
file format becomes an international standard
1994 – Personal computers outsell TV sets for the first time in the United States.
1995 – The online auction community eBay starts out as “AuctionWeb.com”, programmed
by General Magic engineer Pierre Omidyar who started it as a hobby project.
1996 – The DVD (Digital Versatile Disc) increases capacity of digital storage of audio and video
on a CD (Compact Disc) medium
1997 – The world falls in love with everything Internet, and there is talk of a “New Economy”
where the old rules don’t apply.
1998 – The Internet Web site “ClassicThemes.com” debuts on January 26th, 1998; Founded
by former Radio/TV composer/producer and Macromedia software engineer David Shields
1999 – Broadband Internet service providers begin to be offered to consumers faster Web page
downloads and smoother and faster streaming media.
2000 – Internet music-swapping site “Napster” is created, and alarms the recording industry
which mounts a massive campaign to shut it down despite First Amendment concerns.
2001 – Napster is forced to “filter out” content due to RIAA lawsuit; hints at fees to come
other free peer-to-peer software including Gnutella are developed to take Napster’s place
2002 – The F.C.C. (U.S. Federal Communications Commision) requires all new U.S.
television TV sets to include digital receivers in order to help the transition to digital
transmission by February 17, 2009.
2003 – Apple Computer introduces a downloadable music service via its iTunes music application,
which proved that people would pay 99-cents-per-tune to download music legally in the
wake of peer-to-peer free (but illegal) file swapping
2005 – Retailers Wal-Mart, Target, Best Buy and Circuit City announce they will stop selling
VHS Video Cassette tapes since DVD’s
2006 – January 27 – Western Union stopped delivering telegrams as of this date –
ending a service in the United States that it began in 1851
2007
Oct 1, 2007 – Notable new features include multiple-camera editing, audio mixing with surround-sound support, and the ability to encode for Blu-ray discs.
2008 slotMusic 320kb/s MP3 on microSD or microSDHC
2010 the new “i pad” came out and is a small computer with a touch screen.
2011 the new cars that don’t need gas they run with the solar energy, and keep energy for all night long.
February 2, 2010 at 11:11 am
raul jaime
THE HISTORY OF THE VIDEOS GAMES
1997- first tv game console
1972-worlds first video game console
1997-atrai releases the video game for computer systems
1977-nintendo releases the color tv games 6
1980-mattel releases the television video console
1983-sega sg-1000
1983-nintendo released in japan the nintendo intertainment system then was released in the U.S
1986-sega master was released
1988-sega mega drive was released
1989-gameboy was released
1990-nintendo releass the super famican
1994-play station 1 was released
1996-nintendo 64 was released
1998-gameby color was released
1999-sega dream cast was released
2000-the playstation was released
2001-xbox, gameboy advanced, and gamecube were released
2004- playstation portable, and gameboy ds were released
2005-xbox 360 was released
2006-playstation 3 and wii system were released
2009-playstation portable go and the nintendo DSI were released